Engine Mileage on Emissions of an Aged Retrofitted Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Compressed Natural Gas
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Date
2025-06-24
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Springer Nature
Abstract
This study investigates the critical issue of rising emissions from aged retrofitted spark ignition
(SI) engines, particularly as vehicle mileage increases. The objective is to analyze how engine
mileage influences the emissions profiles of these engines when fueled by gasoline and
compressed natural gas (CNG). Using an aged bi-fuel engine, the study measures emissions after
every 5000 km of operation for both fuel types and compares them by EURO IV standard. As the
engine mileage increases, key findings indicate that both gasoline and CNG engines meet EURO
IV limits for carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, with gasoline engines showing a significant
improvement over time (from 0.59 to 0.18%), while CNG engines consistently maintain lower
emissions (0.12 to 0.02%). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from gasoline engines increase as
efficiency improves (from 14.4 to 15.6%), whereas CNG emissions show a notable decrease
from 15.93 to 11.33%. Additionally, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions exhibit a similar trend,
reflecting enhanced combustion efficiency in gasoline engines compared to CNG. Nitrogen
oxide (NOx) emissions present a challenge for gasoline engines, which can exceed EURO IV
limits, while CNG engines experience a more moderate increase in NOx levels. These findings
highlight the environmental advantages of CNG as a cleaner fuel alternative and underscore the
compliance challenges faced by both fuel types under stringent emissions regulations,
emphasizing the importance of engine mileage in emissions management.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG- 13: Climate Action
Keywords
Engine mileage, Exhaust emissions, Compressed natural gas, SI retrofitted engine