Modeling and control of global warming driven by transportation-induced carbon dioxide emissions through green economy investments
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Date
2025-04-22
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
lsevier
Abstract
Global warming poses a significant threat to the environment and human well-being, necessitating urgent
mitigation measures. This study develops a mathematical model to analyze the impact of fossil-fueled vehicle
emissions on atmospheric carbon dioxide (𝐶𝑂2) concentrations and global warming. The model assumes that
global warming is driven by rising atmospheric 𝐶𝑂2 levels, which are influenced by vehicle population growth.
System parameters are calibrated using global datasets on atmospheric 𝐶𝑂2 concentration, human population,
vehicle production, global temperature, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Model validation against global data
demonstrates excellent predictive performance, as confirmed by statistical metrics. Sensitivity analysis reveals
that vehicle growth rate, 𝐶𝑂2-induced global warming, and population-driven temperature increases are key
contributors to rising global temperatures. To stabilize the system, investment in the green economy, transitioning
from fossil-fueled to clean energy vehicles, and implementing economic policies to curb temperature rise are
essential, as confirmed by the numerical simulation of an optimal control problem. Numerical simulations further
validate the analytical findings and explore the impact of parameter variations on system behavior. This article
integrates an optimal control framework into a dynamic system to formulate data-driven strategies for minimizing
global warming while ensuring sustainable economic growth.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG - 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
SDG -11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG - 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
SDG -13: Climate Action
SDG - 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
Keywords
Global warming 𝐶𝑂2 emission Climate action Sustainable economic growth Climate change Green economy