Optimized Demand Side Management for Refrigeration: Modeling and Case Study Insights from Kenya

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dc.contributor.authorKakande, Josephine
dc.contributor.authorPhilipo, Godiana
dc.contributor.authorKrauter , Stefan
dc.date.accessioned2025-09-20T10:09:47Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-21
dc.descriptionSDG-7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
dc.description.abstractAccording to the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), 20% of worldwide electricity consumption is for refrigeration, with domestic refrigeration appliances comprising a fifth of this demand. As the uptake of renewable energy sources for on-grid and isolated electricity supply increases, the need for mechanisms to match demand and supply better and increase power system flexibility has led to enhanced attention on demand-side management (DSM) practices to boost technology, infrastructure, and market efficiencies. Refrigeration requirements will continue to rise with development and climate change. In this work, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to evaluate energy saving and load factor improvement possibilities for refrigeration devices at a site in Kenya, using a combination of DSM load shifting and strategic conservation, and based on appliance temperature evolution measurements. Refrigeration energy savings of up to 18% are obtained, and the load factor is reduced. Modeling is done for a hybrid system with grid, solar PV, and battery, showing a marginal increase in solar energy supply to the load relative to the no DSM case, while the grid portion of the load supply reduces by almost 25% for DSM relative to No DSM.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en18133258
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.nm-aist.ac.tz/handle/123456789/3276
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDP
dc.subjectrefrigeration
dc.subjectdemand-side management
dc.subjectPSO
dc.subjectsolar
dc.subjectbattery
dc.subjectgrid
dc.subjecttemperature measurements
dc.subjectload shifting
dc.subjectstrategic conservation
dc.titleOptimized Demand Side Management for Refrigeration: Modeling and Case Study Insights from Kenya
dc.typeArticle

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