Soil and water management is particularly relevant in semi-arid regions to enhance agricultural productivity. During periods of water scarcity, soil moisture differences are important indicators of the soil water deficit ...

Although in situ rainfall data remains the most accurate, the gauge network density in East Africa is sparse. It lacks continuity, thus making it inadequate to assess the spatial and long-term rainfall trend and variability ...

The cutoff technique has not been adequately investigated despite being the most practiced among smallholder farmers. This study aimed at scenarios of improving water application efficiency, distribution uniformity, and ...

Microplastics and macroplastics have been reported in different urban rivers and agricultural soil across the globe. However, the interlink between them has not been previously assessed. The present study evaluated the ...

Groundwater is one of the most critical water resources for Sub Saharan Africa. However, the understanding of the groundwater system in the region is still lacking due to sparse groundwater observations. The influence of ...