Propane (HC – 290) as an Alternative Refrigerant in the Food Transport Refrigeration Sector in Southern Africa – a Review
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Date
2022
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Universitas Muhammadiyah
Abstract
Most of the food transport trucks in Sothern Africa are equipped with refrigeration and air
conditioning systems filled with fluorocarbon refrigerants such as R404A to facilitate the heat
transfer process. These refrigerants are synthetic chemicals and have high potential to cause
global warming and damage to the ozone layer. Currently, natural refrigerants are considered
as alternatives to these man-made refrigerants to mitigate some of the environmental risks.
The natural refrigerants are the substances that occur in nature such as hydrocarbons (HC),
ammonia, and carbon dioxide. These type of refrigerants have been in the market for many
years, but in some applications such as domestic refrigerators, heat pumps, chillers, and air
conditioners, whereas fluorocarbons are the mostly used in the food transport refrigeration
systems. Natural refrigerants such as propane (HC – 290) are now penetrating the market in
food transport refrigeration systems where previously fluorocarbons were the favoured
option. Therefore, this work reports the possibilities of using non-fluorinated
hydrocarbon/natural refrigerant (propane – R290) in the food transport refrigerated systems
in Southern Africa; a case study of South Africa. R290 has the potential to lower greenhouse
gases emissions compared to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are widely used in most of
the existing food transport refrigeration systems in South Africa. R290 has negligible Global
Warming Potential (GWP) of 3 which is well below the global threshold value of 150. The
review revealed that refrigeration capacity of R290 is in the average of 10 – 30% higher than
commonly used fluorocarbon refrigerants such as R404A and R134A. Since R290 is labeled as
a flammable refrigerant, the present study also reviews its flammability safety measures
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 13: Climate Action, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
Keywords
Propane, Refrigeran, Transport refrigeration system, reenhouse gases, Hydrocarbons