Browsing Life sciences and Bio-engineering by Title
Now showing items 368-387 of 1090
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Emerging issues and challenges associated with conservation of the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in the semi-arid areas of Tanzania
(International Network for Natural Sciences, 2019-11)The aim of this review is to discuss the emerging issues and challenges in baobab conservation based on the climate change, emerging challenges related to herbivory and human use such as emerging of new markets for baobab ... -
Encroachment dynamics of Acacia drepanolobium in Maswa game reserve
(NM-AIST, 2019-04)Habitat degradation, caused in particular by woody plant encroachment, has been a common phenomenon in savanna ecosystems. With increasing woody plant cover in open savanna grassland, structural changes and their associated ... -
Endophytic Rhizobacteria for Mineral Nutrients Acquisition in Plants: Possible Functions and Ecological Advantages
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG., 2021-03-05)Nutrient-deficiency in agricultural soils is a major problem in many parts of the world, it is, therefore, artificial fertilizers are widely used to boost crop production. Unfortunately, these fertilizers are associated ... -
Enhanced one Health surveillance approaches to guide the elimination of dog-mediated rabies in Tanzania
(NM-AIST, 2023-08)Rabies causes approximately 59 000 human deaths worldwide annually. A global target of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies has been set for 2030, and large-scale control programs are now advocated. However, there ... -
Enhanced oral bioavailability of the antiretroviral efavirenz encapsulated in poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles by a spray-drying method.
(NANOMEDICINE, 2014-10-17)Aim: To encapsulate efavirenz (EFV) within poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) and compare the oral pharmacokinetics with that of EFV-loaded micelles and pure EFV NPs. Materials & methods: EFV-loaded PCL ... -
Enhanced use of beneath-canopy vegetation by grazing ungulates in African savannahs
(Elsevier B.V., 2010-12)The cover of large trees in African savannahs is rapidly declining, mainly due to human land-use practices. Trees improve grass nutrient quality and contribute to species and structural diversity of savannah vegetation. ... -
Enhancement of plant extracts use for pest control and growth promotion of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(NM-AIST, 2020-05)For smallholder farmers, suitable plants for pest management and as foliar feed are obtained with ease, and when successfully exploited, could contribute to local income generation through commercialization. However, ... -
Enhancing Food Grains Storage Systems through Insect Pest Detection and Control Measures for Maize and Beans: Ensuring Food Security Post-COVID-19 Tanzania
(MDPI, 2024-02-21)COVID-19 poses a significant threat to the present and future of mankind. The emergence of diverse strains during the pandemic creates uncertainty regarding their disappearance or resurgence. Lockdown measures and travel ... -
Enhancing knowledge among smallholders on pollinators and supporting field margins for sustainable food security
(Elsevier Ltd., 2019-08)Agro-ecological intensification (AEI) harnesses natural processes, such as pollination, that support sustainable crop production and can buffer against future food security risks. However, the transition from conventional ... -
Enhancing livestock vaccination decision-making through rapid diagnostic testing
(Elsevier Ltd., 2019-12)• Compared to vaccination, the collective approach to diagnostic testing presents a low-fixed cost. • Existing household livestock-health behaviors increase the likelihood for uptake of preventative health practices. ... -
Enhancing on-farm fodder availability and utilization for sustainable dairy production in the smallholder farming systems of western usambara highlands, Tanzania
(NM-AIST, 2020-04)Dairy cattle farmers in Tanzania experience a huge decline in milk production due to insufficient feed supply to their animals particularly during the dry seasons. This poses a great challenge to sustainability of ... -
Ensemble-based screening of natural products and FDA-approved drugs identified potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 that work with two distinct mechanisms
(Elsevier Ltd., 2021-06)The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rate across the globe. This requires an urgent identification of drugs and other interventions to overcome this pandemic. Computational ... -
Ensemble-based screening of natural products and FDA-approved drugs identified potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 that work with two distinct mechanisms
(Elsevier Inc., 2021-02-23)The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rate across the globe. This requires an urgent identification of drugs and other interventions to overcome this pandemic. Computational drug ... -
Entomopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) as biological control agent of cattle ticks in Tanzania
(Academic Journals, 2022-07-31)Ticks are the most important ectoparasites that are responsible for severe economic losses in livestock industry. The use of chemical acaricides is the most common method used to control ticks in livestock. This study ... -
Environmental and genotypes influence on seed iron and zinc levels of landraces and improved varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2020-05)Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) is a grain legume rich in proteins and micronutrients particularly iron and zinc. This study determined the concentration of iron and zinc in 99 common bean genotypes (landraces and ... -
Environmental factors and non-chemical methods to suppress growth of the invasive plant Gutenbergia cordifolia
(Elsevier, 2023-08-01)Little is known about preferred environmental conditions and non-chemical control of invasive Gutenbergia cordifolia. We assessed the effects of different A. annua crude extract concentrations, synthetic herbicide (glyphosate), ... -
Environmental risks of a commonly used pyrethroid: Insights from temporary pond species of the Lake Manyara Basin, Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2023-01)Environmental risks posed by widespread pesticide application have attracted global attention. Currently, chemical risk assessments in aquatic environments rely on extrapolation of toxicity data from classic model species. ... -
Environmentally stable common bean genotypes for production in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania
(Heliyon, 2021-01-19)enotype by environment interaction (GxE) complicates the process of selecting genotypes suitable for quanti tative traits like seed yield in beans, hence slows down the development and release of varieties by breeding programs. ... -
Epidemiologic study of q fever in smallholder dairy cattle in selected regions of Tanzania
(NM-AIST, 2023-08-20)A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and the risk factors associated with Coxiella burnetii seropositivity in smallholder dairy cattle in six regions from the southern highland and northern zones ... -
Epidemiology and Economic Importance of African Animal Trypanosomiasis
(IGI Global, 2021)African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), also called Nagana, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by an extracellular protozoan belonging to the genus Trypanosoma. It has serious effects on the health status and welfare ...