Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania
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Date
2020-01-13
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Publisher
Springer Nature Limited
Abstract
Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread and
persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely
differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, and ecological contexts. To better understand
this interaction in a multi-cultural and resource-limited context, we examine the distribution
of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups in Tanzania. Household-
level data (n = 425) was collected and bacteria isolated from people, livestock, dogs, wildlife
and water sources (n = 62,376 isolates). The relative prevalence of different resistance
phenotypes is similar across all sources. Multi-locus tandem repeat analysis (n = 719) and
whole-genome sequencing (n = 816) of Escherichia coli demonstrate no evidence for host-
population subdivision. Multivariate models show no evidence that veterinary antibiotic use
increased the odds of detecting AR bacteria, whereas there is a strong association with
livelihood factors related to bacterial transmission, demonstrating that to be effective,
interventions need to accommodate different cultural practices and resource limitations.
Sustainable Development Goals
This research article was published by Springer Nature Limited in 2020
Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance, Epidemiology