Impact of microirrigation technologies on financial resilience of smallholder horticulture farmers: evidence from northern Tanzania
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Date
2025
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Water Practice and Technology
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of microirrigation technologies (MITs), primarily drip and microsprinkler systems, on financial resilience of smallholder horticultural farmers in northern Tanzania. A multistage sampling method was used to select 540 households, comprising 199 MITs adopters and 341 nonadopters. Data were collected through structured questionnaires cap-turing demographic, agroecological, and technical irrigation parameters, including emitter discharge rates (1.5–4.0 L/h),
irrigation frequency two to three times per week, and water source quality (electrical conductivity, EC , 2 dS/m). To quantify MITs’ contribution to financial resilience, a Financial Resilience Index (FRI) was constructed using both objective and subjective indicators. Propensity score matching was employed to calculate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and the average treatment effect (ATE). The results indicate that MITs adoption significantly enhances both financial and production out-comes. Adopters experienced an increase of 549,515 Tanzania Shillings on FRI compared to nonadopters (ATT, p , 0.01) and
achieved a 1.06 log-point increase in yield (t ¼ 17.87). The ATE (0.6453) and ATT (0.7334) further confirmed MITs’ significant impact across the sample. Policies facilitating adoption of MITs, including subsidies, technical training, and enhanced access to capital, are crucial for amplifying MITs adoption.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG - 1: No Poverty
SDG - 2: Zero Hunger
SDG - 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
SDG - 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
SDG - 13: Climate Action
Keywords
financial resilience, horticultural production, microirrigation technologies, northern Tanzania, smallholder farmers