A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering of the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
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Date
2025-06
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NM-AIST
Abstract
Storage of vaccines and perishable food in regions without access to the national grid electricity presents ongoing challenges, especially in remote regions. Solar-powered system offers a reliable and sustainable alternative. This study presents a techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of a locally developed solar-powered cooler designed for such conditions. The cooler serves as a lower-cost alternative to conventional electric-powered refrigeration units, especially where grid access is unreliable or unavailable. The analysis was
performed using ReCiPe2016 midpoint indicators with SimaPro software and Microsoft Excel 2019 to assess both environmental and economic factors. Results from the LCA show that battery production contributes the most toenvironmental impacts, followed by solar panel. Terrestrial ecotoxicity was the highest environmental concern, with human non-carcinogenic toxicity also notable. The TEA indicates strong economic performance, with an initial investment of USD 2682, a payback period of one year, and a return on investment of 98.8%.
These results support the cooler’s potential for use in off-grid health and food supply chains. These quantitative analyses provide valuable insights for decision-makers, aiding in understanding both economic aspects and environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of locally manufactured solar-powered coolers, thereby enhancing their sustainability.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG-3:Good Health and Well-being Vaccine storage
SDG-2:Zero Hunger Food preservation
SDG-7:Affordable and Clean Energy Solar-powered
SDG-9:Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure Local tech dev.
SDG-12:Responsible Consumption and Production Life cycle focus
SDG-13:Climate Action Emissions reduction
SDG-1:No Poverty (indirect) Health & food impact