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Browsing Research Articles by Subject "Activated Carbon"
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Item Preparation of activated carbon with disered properties through optimization of impregnating agent(Rjeas, 2014) Mutegoa, Eric; Onoka, Isaac; Hilonga, AskwarIn this study, activated carbon with desired properties was prepared from peanut shell and sugarcane bagasse using chemical activation method in which potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as a impregnating agent. The properties of the activated carbon were evaluated based on the activation temperature, yield percentage, ratio of KOH to Char impregnation, and iodine adsorption number. Based on the characterization methods employed, the desired properties for activated carbon from peanut shell were obtained at these optimum conditions: Activation temperature of 350 0 C, treatment time of 1hr, and impregnation ratio of 1:2. These conditions exhibited maximum iodine number of 355 mg/g. On the other hand, sugarcane bagasse produced the superior properties (iodine number of 914.71 mg/g) at an activation temperature of 700 0 C, treatment time of 1hr, and impregnation ratio of 1:1. The activated carbons with superior properties obtained in this study are suitable for the treatment of waste water associated with carboxylic acids. Our on- going project will test the performance of the final product for various innovative applicationsItem Water hardness removal by coconut shell activated carbon(Science Publishing Group, 2014-08-30) Rolence, Cecilia; Machunda, Revocatus; Njau, KaroliThe present study reports the water softening by adsorption of hardness ions onto Coconut Shell Activated Carbons (CSAC). Characterization of CSAC was identified by FT-IR and SEM techniques. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the effect of various adsorbent factors such as adsorbent dose, initial pH, contact time, and temperature, on the adsorption process using synthetic and field collected water samples. Removal efficiency at nearly neutral pH of 6.3 for both synthetic and field collected water samples were 60% and 55% respectively. Temperature study (303 K-333 K) shows that the softening process in synthetic and field hard water is endothermic as removal efficiency was increasing from 40% and 29% at 303 K to 47% and 38% at 333 K respectively. Removal efficiency increases with the increase in contact time and adsorbent dose until 15 hours and 0.24g/cm 3 respectively, for both field and synthetic hard water, which was considered to be maximum. Equilibrium isotherms have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models fit to explain the adsorption behavior of hardness ions onto CSAC.