Climate-related health threats in Tanzania: a multi-level analysis of key policies, strategies and community response
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2026-05-14
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Abstract
Tanzania faces increasing climate-sensitive health threats, including vector-borne diseases, water-borne infections, and malnutrition. Effective preparedness at both national and community levels is critical for health system resilience and livelihood security. This study applied a multilevel mixed-methods approach to assess Tanzania’s policy structures and community-level experiences related to climate-health preparedness. Between January 2024 and May 2025, we conducted a concurrent mixed-methods study. At national level, we reviewed climate-health policy documents, mapped 30 key stakeholders, and conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with representatives from government ministries, research institutes, development partners and non-government organizations. At community level, we surveyed 388 adults and conducted eight focus group discussions in four councils in southern Tanzania. Data were analyzed and triangulated across all sources. Tanzania has developed several climate-health policies and community initiatives. However, gaps remain in cross-sectoral coordination, financing, and policy implementation. National stakeholders cited challenges in translating strategies into community-level action. Among community respondents, 77% acknowledged climate change and 97% reported exposure to hazards such as floods, drought, or extreme heat. Health impacts included malaria surges, diarrhoeal disease, and food scarcity. While 73.7% had received some government assistance, access to reliable health and climate information was limited. Households relied mainly on personal observations and informal networks. Communities and institutions jointly emphasized four priorities: strengthened risk communication, climate-smart agriculture, resilient health facilities, and inclusive early-warning systems. Strengthening multilevel governance, financing mechanisms, and community-driven adaptation planning is essential to improve Tanzania’s preparedness for climate-related health threats.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being
SDG 13: Climate Action
Keywords
Climate change, Health systems, Community engagement, Health policy, Preparedness