Understanding farmer knowledge, practices and decision-making in pest and disease management: the case of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivation in Mbeya, Tanzania
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Date
2025-11-27
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Discover Agriculture
Abstract
rish potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food and cash crop for smallholder
farmers in Tanzania, particularly in the Southern Highlands. Despite these, yields
remain low due to persistent challenges from pests and diseases, threatening both
productivity and household incomes. This study examined knowledge, perceptions
and practices of smallholder farmers in managing pests and diseases of Irish potato
in Mbeya, Tanzania. A total of 225 farmers from five wards were surveyed using
structured interviews and focus group discussions. Most respondents (83%) identified
pests and 73% identified diseases as major constraints. Aphids (83%), whiteflies
(71%) and potato tuber moth (39%) were the most commonly reported pests, while
early blight (91%), late blight (45%) and Fusarium wilt (29%) were the most cited
diseases. Despite the widespread use of chemical pesticides (92%) and fungicides
(72%), access to these inputs was constrained by high costs, limited availability and
insufficient knowledge, with only 24% of farmers reporting effective use. Non-
chemical methods, such as crop rotation, intercropping and botanical extracts,
were rarely practiced, reflecting low awareness and limited extension support. Most
farmers relied on experience rather than consulting agricultural officers, and over
90% used traditional seed varieties. Yields varied significantly among wards, with
averages ranging from 1.1 to 22.4 t/ha. While farmers demonstrated awareness of
pests and diseases, management practices were heavily dependent on synthetic
chemicals, with minimal integration of sustainable strategies. These findings highlight
the need to promote integrated pest and disease management approaches tailored
to local conditions for improving productivity of Irish potato.
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 1 ; No Poverty
SDG 2 ; Zero Hunger
SDG 12 ; Responsible Consumption and Production
SDG 13 ; Climate Actio
Keywords
Smallholder farmer, Solanum tuberosum, Crop protection, Sustainable agriculture, Integrated pest and disease management