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dc.contributor.authorSanka, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorGermain, Olivier
dc.contributor.authorKhalifa, Leyla
dc.contributor.authorKomakech, Hans
dc.contributor.authorMagambo, Hezron
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-22T07:00:55Z
dc.date.available2024-05-22T07:00:55Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-024-00449-0
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.nm-aist.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12479/2639
dc.descriptionThis research article was published by energy, sustainability and societyen_US
dc.description.abstractAbstract Background In Tanzania, firewood, charcoal, and agricultural waste play a crucial role in daily life as sources of cooking energy, especially in rural areas. Using these energy sources contributes to deforestation and the emis- sion of harmful substances, leading to health problems. This study highlights the potential of faecal sludge bri- quettes as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and sustainable alternative to traditional energy sources to meet the increasing demand for cooking energy in Tanzania. The process involved sludge characterization, drying, sorting, carbonization, milling, briquette making, and characterization. Results A study was conducted to assess the presence of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in faecal sludge collected from households. The results indicates that the levels of these metals were all within the acceptable limits set by the Tanzanian Standards (TZS) for sludge disposal and use in the environment, which are 5.00 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L, and 30.00 mg/L, respectively. Septic tanks and pit latrines sludge had a concentration of 0.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for Zn, 0.55 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L for Cd, and 10.01 mg/L and 4.87 mg/L for Pb, respectively. Adding 75% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values from 10.47 and 10.16 to 19.29 and 18.86 MJ/kg, respectively. Similarly, add- ing 50% charcoal dust improved the gross and net heating values to 19.24 and 18.78 MJ/kg. The emission of particu- late matter (micrograms/m3 ) was reduced from 30.4 and 35 to 10.3 and 11.8 for PM2.5 and 7 and 8 for PM10, while car- bon monoxide emission decreased from 51.2 to 19.7 ppm. Conclusion The results strongly suggest that briquettes made of carbonized faecal sludge mixed with other biomass materials could offer an alternative to traditional solid fuels, with the added benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and longer burning times.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.subjectAlternative energy,en_US
dc.subjectBiomass, Briquettesen_US
dc.subjectCooking energyen_US
dc.subjectLow emissionen_US
dc.titleProduction of low emission briquettes from carbonized faecal sludge as an alternative source of cooking energyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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