| dc.description.abstract | The ecosystem and human health are both significantly affected by the occurrence of potentially harmful
heavy metals in the aquatic environment. In general, wastewater comprises an array of heavy metals, and
the existence of other competing heavy metal ions might affect the adsorptive elimination of one heavy
metal ion. Therefore, to fully comprehend the adsorbent's efficiency and practical applications, the
abatement of heavy metals in multicomponent systems is important. In the current study, the
multicomponent adsorption of heavy metals from different complex mixtures, such as binary, ternary,
quaternary, and quinary solutions, utilizing various adsorbents are reviewed in detail. According to the
systematic review, the adsorbents made from locally and naturally occurring materials, such as biomass,
feedstocks, and industrial and agricultural waste, are effective and promising in removing heavy metals
from complex water systems. The systematic study further discovered that numerous studies evaluate
the adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent in a multicomponent system using various important
independent adsorption parameters. These independent adsorption parameters include reaction time,
solution pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, ionic strength as well as
reaction temperature, which were found to significantly affect the multicomponent sorption of heavy
metals. Furthermore, through the application of the multicomponent adsorption isotherms, the
competitive heavy metals sorption mechanisms were identified and characterized by three primary kinds | en_US |
