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dc.contributor.authorKiwango, Flavia Andrew
dc.contributor.authorChacha, Musa
dc.contributor.authorRaymond, Jofrey
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-21T11:50:23Z
dc.date.available2021-05-21T11:50:23Z
dc.date.issued2020-08-24
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-04-2020-0141
dc.identifier.urihttp://dspace.nm-aist.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12479/1181
dc.descriptionThis research article published by Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020en_US
dc.description.abstractPurpose This study aims to update the information on the current status of micronutrient fortification for iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamin A in mandatory fortified food vehicles such as cooking oil, wheat and maize flours in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted in five regions to analyze the adequacy of micronutrient fortification in mandatory fortified food vehicles. Samples of fortified edible oil (n = 19), wheat flour (n = 12) and maize flour (n = 5) were sampled conveniently from local markets and supermarkets. Samples were analyzed for vitamins (vitamin A and folic acid) and mineral (iron and zinc) content using high-performance liquid chromatography and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, respectively. Compliance acceptable ranges between the minimum and maximum levels for each nutrient were used as a basis for compliance. Findings The results showed that 83.3% and 80% of wheat and maize flour samples, respectively, complied with iron fortification standards (p = 0.05). Only 25% of wheat flour samples and 40% of maize flour samples were within the acceptable ranges for zinc fortification (p = 0.05). Nearly 17% and 20% of wheat and maize flour samples, respectively, were within the acceptable ranges for folic acid fortification (p = 0.05). Moreover, about 10.5% of the analyzed cooking oils were adequately fortified with vitamin A (p = 0.05). Except for iron in wheat and maize flours, the levels of other micronutrients in mandatorily fortified foods were out of acceptable ranges. Originality/value Mandatory fortification is still far from the established standards, and this calls for a review of the current fortification strategies regarding standards, training, monitoring and enforcement in Tanzania.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherEmerald Publishing Limiteden_US
dc.subjectMandatory fortificationen_US
dc.subjectMicronutrientsen_US
dc.subjectFortificationen_US
dc.titleAdequacy of micronutrient fortification in the mandatory fortified food vehicles in Tanzanaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US


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