Browsing by Author "Quinlan, Robert"

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    Antimicrobial resistant enteric bacteria are widely distributed amongst people, animals and the environment in Tanzania
    (Springer Nature Limited, 2020-01-13) Subbiah, Murugan; Caudell, Mark; Mair, Colette; Davis, Margaret; Matthews, Louise; Quinlan, Robert; Quinlan, Marsha; Lyimo, Beatus; Buza, Joram; Keyyu, Julius; Call, Douglas
    Antibiotic use and bacterial transmission are responsible for the emergence, spread and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but their relative contribution likely differs across varying socio-economic, cultural, and ecological contexts. To better understand this interaction in a multi-cultural and resource-limited context, we examine the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria from three ethnic groups in Tanzania. Household- level data (n = 425) was collected and bacteria isolated from people, livestock, dogs, wildlife and water sources (n = 62,376 isolates). The relative prevalence of different resistance phenotypes is similar across all sources. Multi-locus tandem repeat analysis (n = 719) and whole-genome sequencing (n = 816) of Escherichia coli demonstrate no evidence for host- population subdivision. Multivariate models show no evidence that veterinary antibiotic use increased the odds of detecting AR bacteria, whereas there is a strong association with livelihood factors related to bacterial transmission, demonstrating that to be effective, interventions need to accommodate different cultural practices and resource limitations.