Browsing by Author "Pasape, Liliane"

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Analysis of marketing efficiency of processed sardine products of Lake Victoria: Case of Tanzania
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2019-05-27) Mkunda, Josephine Joseph; Lassen, Jesper; Chachage, Bukaza; Kusiluka, Lughano J.M.; Pasape, Liliane
The paper tested the marketing efficiency of Lake Victoria processed sardines using structure-performance and efficient-structure hypotheses and the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on marketing efficiency. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires from randomly selected 249 respondents. The conceptual framework showed the influence of market structure, performance and socioeconomic characteristics on marketing efficiency. Multiple regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the information. The Gini coefficients for traders and processors were 0.59 and 0.64; the Lorenz curves showed 80% of monthly income was accounted for by 50% of marketers indicating that the market was concentrated with high level of income and market shares inequalities. Empirical findings revealed that access to market information and formal business loans, selling price, net returns, and quantity traded significantly increase marketing efficiency. Marketing costs and margins significantly reduce marketing efficiency. Higher income and market share inequalities, poor access to business loans, markets and market information imply the market was imperfectly competitive and inefficient with greater likelihood of domination as economic and game theories suggests. The findings call for collective marketing in order to reduce marketing cost, increase the quantity traded and fishers’ bargaining power in order to increase their net returns.
Assessment of Fluoride Bioaccumulation Potential in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Reared in Fluoride Rich Water
(University of Dar es Salaam, 2021-05) Bejumula, Jophillene; Machunda, Revocatus; Pasape, Liliane; Mtei, Kelvin
Fluoride bioaccumulation in fish poses a significant impact on their growth, survival and consequently to upper trophic levels. Few studies have reported the impacts of high fluoride concentrations and their accumulation potential to catfish in African settings. A 60-day catfish cultivation was conducted at Ngarenanyuki ward and the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) in Arusha, Tanzania to determine fluoride bioaccumulation and its impacts to catfish growth and survival. Juvenile catfish were exposed to 36 mg F–/L pond water and synthetic water containing fluoride (NaF) concentrations of 5, 15, 36 and 45 mg/L in aquaria set at NM-AIST laboratory. Fluoride concentrations in fish tissues were analysed by ion- selective electrode. Fish survival rate was greater than 90% in ≤ 36 mg/L fluoride levels compared to 65.8% in 45 mg F–/L aquarium. Significant fluoride bioaccumulation was observed in fish bones (222.00 mg/kg, dry weight), gills (177.4 mg/kg), skin (9 mg/kg) and low amount in fillets (1.467 mg/kg). Fluoride bioaccumulation significantly rose with fluoride levels increase and exposure time (p = 0.000). The study concludes that high fluoride occurrence and its increased exposure time increases fluoride bioaccumulation in African catfish. Therefore, growing catfish in water containing ≥ 45 mg F–/L requires defluoridation process.
Challenges Affecting Effective Implementation of Financial Management Information Systems in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania as Part of the Digital Ecosystem
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2022-08-02) Pasape, Liliane; Godson, Ernest
This study examined the obstacles to the efficient implementation of the Fi nancial Management Information System (FMIS) by Tanzanian local gov ernment authorities. To formulate and test the dependency of variables, the researchers used both descriptive and inferential statistics, including a chi-square test. According to the findings, FMIS deployment faces technical, user, and organizational-related challenges. The study recommended that the Tanzanian government, through the Ministries of Finance and Planning, President’s Office Regional Administration, and Local Government Authori ties, continue to offer a full commitment to ensuring the effective implemen tation of FMIS by guaranteeing the constant supply of electricity in all district councils; the supply of modern computing machines; good organizational management; as well as staff facilitation and motivation. In addition to the internal workforce, the engagement of qualified firms and consultants from the private sector to assist with the implementation of successful change management is strongly advised.
Challenges facing community health workers in promoting maternal and neonatal health in Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts, Tanzania
(https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i2.4, 2021-06-01) Jumanne, Kabula; Pasape, Liliane; Moshi, Irene; Mrisho, Mwifadhi
Objectives: Community health workers (CHWs) play significant roles in areas where professional health workforce succumb to serious human resource deficiencies. This study explored challenges the CHWs face in promoting ma ternal and neonatal health in two districts of Tanzania. Design: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts from March to May 2019. Methods: Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews from 30 CHWs, thematic analysis was carried out by identifying major key themes emerging from the data. Results: The study found little community support resulted from jealousy of male household heads, mistrust, social cultural believes and lack of community appreciation on the role of CHWs. Little support from local government resulted by political grievances among local leaders due to change in political administration. Other challenges were lack of basic knowledge in maternal and neonatal health, including breastfeeding. Irregular working schedules due to poor supervision, huge workload, old age and tiredness Conclusion: CHWs programs in Bagamoyo and Mkuranga districts were inactive and required innovative strategies to raise community and local government cooperation. Jealousy among male household’s heads and CHWs need community members to participate in establishment of selection criteria. Socio-cultural beliefs call for community sensitization on how they affect maternal and neonatal health. Lack of community appreciation on the role of CHWs, irregular working schedule implied poor supervision and defined age limit would overcome challenges re lated to old age.
Community awareness on fluoride contaminant sources: a case study at Mount Meru slopes in Northern Tanzania
(International Journal of Biosciences, 2019-10-27) Joseph, Lucia; Mtei, Kelvin; Pasape, Liliane; Kassim, Neema
A study was conducted around the slopes of Mount Meru in Arumeru district of Arusha region at Ngarenanyuki ward, to update the awareness of the potential routes of human exposure to unacceptable levels of fluoride. Long term consumption of fluorine contaminated water and food, in addition to the use of fluoridated products, increases fluoride accumulation in the body. A cross-sectional, multi-phase sample design, in-depth structured questionnaires, informant interviews, and group discussions were carried out. Women aged between 15-45 years were involved. Participants identified water used for domestic purposes was the leading (68.63%) route of fluoride contaminant. Findings revealed that the majority (70.6%) of the participants were not aware of the potential sources of fluoride contaminants such as grown food crops/vegetables and fluoridated products. In addition, most (84.93%) of the respondents were using fluoridated toothpaste and children were not assisted or supervised as they use it which could lead to swallowing of the paste and increase the accumulation of fluoride in the body. Most (77 %) of the participants reported that their children had brown teeth enamel and use tap water as their primary source of domestic and drinking water. There were neither household‘s fluoride management methods nor alternative domestic water sources identified by participants at the household level. This study recommends an in-depth study to evaluate fluoride levels in all potential routes of contamination, to guide management of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the community. Interventions to reduce fluoride contamination in this endemic area are necessary to combat health risks associated with their exposure.
Consumers’ product knowledge and attitudes as determinants of buying intention of processed sardine product: case of lake Victoria basin
(African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2019-08-08) Mkunda, Josephine J.; Chachage, Bukaza; Kusiluka, Lughano; Pasape, Liliane
Purpose of the study: This paper highlights the determinants of consumers’ buying behavior of processed sardine products from Lake Victoria basin by determining consumers’ knowledge and attitudes in relation to buying decision towards processed sardine products. Short introduction of problem statement: Literatures postulated that consumer behavior describes how individuals and groups select, buy, use and dispose goods, services, idea or experience to satisfy their need and wants. Consumer buying behavior is affected by uncontrollable factors that need to be considered while understanding consumers. Since the public health authorities are promoting fish consumption in order to improve public health, in addition it has been shown that the value contributions of sardine product in Lake Victoria basin is not reflecting its landings, therefore it is important to determine the consumers’ knowledge and attitudes in relation to buying decision towards processed sardine products. Method/methodology: Data was collected from 190 consumers in Mwanza, Mara and Kagera regions in Tanzania. After prior testing the data to fit the linear regression model, the multiple linear regression model using SPSS program version 24 was employed to analyze the collected data. Results of the study: The results have indicated that consumers’ product knowledge and attitudes were the main determinants of buying intentions of processed sardine products. Significant result at (p<0.001) on product knowledge and attitude was obtained proving that consumer knowledge on the products creates consumers’ attitudes towards the products. Consumer knowledge predictors were able to explaining the consumer attitude variance by 68.4% and 39.2% for sardine products dried on grass and nets and dried on rocks respectively. In addition, consumers’ attitudes and product knowledge in relation to buying intention was significant at (p<0.001), implying that the predictors were the main determinants for purchasing of products in question. The analysis have indicated that the buying intention had significant correlation with consumers’ eating habits, family preferences and consumers’ attitudes. Conclusion and policy recommendation: Strategic marketing planning of processed sardine products should focus on increasing consumers’ attitudes by creating knowledge through products labelling and improve the value addition technologies. The value addition should focus on determining the nutritional content and shelf life of different processed sardine products. Processors participating in national and international exhibitions will increase subjective and objective knowledge as well as improve the consumers’ attitudes towards processed sardine products.
Enhancement of customer retention of telecommunication companies in Tanzania through customer satisfaction
(The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2022-08-08) Pasape, Liliane
Little has been written on how customer satisfaction enhances customer retention in Tanzania’s telecommunication companies. This study addressed that concern using six variables, namely rewards, tariffs, customer care, branch physical appearance, network quality, and network coverage. Using probability and non-probability sampling, 120 respondents to the questionnaire were selected. Results of descriptive and binary regression analysis revealed customers were not satisfied due to low rewards (93.3%), high tariffs (80.8%), unsatisfactory customer care (88.3%), uncomfortable branches (80%) and unstable network quality (75%). Concerning predictor variables, the probability of the model giving the correct prediction ranges from 10% to 71%, where the higher deviances were tariffs, branch appearance, and network coverage (71%), and rewards (57%). Chi square analysis, which compared the full model to a model with an intercept, found only gender (under network quality and coverage), age, income, education, and time for reward to be statistically significant (p<005). Furthermore, the logistic regression coefficient results showed that, for rewards, predictor variables such as age, income, and time have positive and statistically significant effects. The study concluded that rewards cause customer satisfaction and hence retention. However, if not well handled, high tariffs, uncomfortable branches, poor network quality, and poor coverage lead to customer dissatisfaction and low retention.
Evaluation of the Direct Health Facility Financing Program in Improving Maternal Health Services in Pangani District, Tanzania
(Dovepress, 2021-12-09) Tukay, Samwel; Pasape, Liliane; Tani, Kassimu; Manzi, Fatuma
Background: Maternal morbidity and mortality remain significant public health concerns globally, with Tanzania reporting 398 deaths per 100,000 live births annually. While national level data provide some insights into the issue, a focus on sub-national levels is required because of differences in contexts such as rural-urban disparities in maternal mortality. This study examined Direct Health Facility Financing (DHFF) and its effects on the quality of maternal health services in Pangani, a rural district in Tanzania. Methods: This study was conducted in Pangani district of Tanga region in Tanzania. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods, including 16 in-depth interviews with the council health management teams, facility in charges, maternity nurse in charge, and 5 focus group discussions with community health governing committee members. The number of deliveries that occurred in health facilities, as well as medical supplies, equipment, and reagents purchased by the facilities, were compared using descriptive statistics before and after the DHFF implementation. Results: Direct disbursement of funds from the central government through the Ministry of Finance and Planning to the primary health facilities reduced delays in procurement, improved community outreach services, and improved community leaders’ engagements. Deliveries occurring at health facilities increased by 33.6% (p < 0.001) one year after the HDFF imple mentation. Various medicines, delivery kits, and some reagents increased significantly (p < 0.05). However, the lack of computers and poor internet connectivity, an insufficient supply of medical equipment and unstable stock of the Medical Stores Department increased the difficulty of obtaining the missed items from the selected prime vendor. Conclusion: Overall, this study shows a positive impact of the DHFF on maternal health service delivery in Pangani district. Specifically, an increase in the number of medical supplies, equipment, and reagents necessary to provide maternal health services contributed to the observed increase in facility deliveries by 33.6%. Moreover, the system minimizes unnecessary delays in the procure ment processes of required drugs, supplies, and other facility reagents. To maximize the impact of the HDFF system, lack of computers, unstable internet, limited knowledge of the staff about the system, and inadequate health workforce should be addressed. Therefore, strengthening the DHFF system and staff training in-service and on the job is essential for smooth implementation. Keywords: health financing, direct health facility financing, health governing committee, maternal health, quality of care, Tanzania
Fluoride contamination of selected food crops, domestic water, and milk consumed by communities around mount Meru in Northern Tanzania.
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2021-01-24) Memba, Lucia; Mtei, Kelvin; Pasape, Liliane; Kassim, Neema
This study assessed fluoride levels in domestic water, commonly consumed food crops, cow's, and human milk. Samples of vegetables were collected from farmer's home gardens, green banana from local markets, maize flour, and domestic water from households, while cow's and human (breast) milk were obtained from cows and lactating mothers. Fluoride levels were determined by using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Fluoride levels were 0.03 ± 0.02 mg/kg in maize, In leafy vegetables the highest levels were found in nightshade 0.081 ± 0.008 mg/kg, while for banana varieties the highest levels were found in in East African highland 0.025 ± 0.004 mg/kg. Levels in cows and human breast milk were 0.34 ± 0.2 mg/L and 0.077 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively. Levels in domestic and public tap water were 4.57 ± 0.4 mg/L and 4.74 ± 0.8 mg/L, respectively. Study provided useful knowledge of fluoride levels in several crops, milk, and domestic water.
Forage Growth, Yield and Nutritional Characteristics of Four Varieties of Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schumach) in the West Usambara Highlands, Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2019-10-28) Maleko, David; Mwilawa, Angello; Msalya, George; Pasape, Liliane; Mtei, Kelvin
Abstract Low pasture biomass production and dry seasons fodder scarcity are among the major challenges affecting productivity of dairy cattle in Tanzania. Field experiments were set to evaluate growth, biomass yields and nutritional contents of four napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) varieties as feed for ruminants. Experimental napier varieties included Ouma, Kakamega 2 (KK2), Bana and local napier (LN). The study was conducted in the Western Usambara highlands (WUHs) in Tanzania between December 2016 and April 2017 (110 days). The results indicated that the varietal mean stem heights differed significantly (P<0.001); whereby LN, Ouma, KK2 and Bana had mean heights of 210.81, 185.72, 177.15 and 145.44 cm respectively. There was a significant difference (P=0.025) in the mean total forage biomass production in which KK2, LN, Ouma and Bana yielded 16551, 14035, 12868 and 8954 kg dry matter/ha respectively. The crude protein content averaged 9.92% and did not differ significantly across the varieties (P=0.83). The mean metabolizable energy was 7.94 MJ/kg dry matter and did not differ significantly across the varieties (P=0.11). The in vitro organic matter digestibility differed significantly (P=0.03); 65.87, 59.22, 58.33 and 55.41% for Ouma, Bana, KK2 and LN respectively. This study demonstrates that Ouma and KK2 can be established in the WUHs for forage use due to higher biomass production. Further studies on ensiling and animal feeding would provide valuable information for optimizing forage conservation and animal performance in the WUHs and elsewhere with similar conditions.
Formal Institutions In Enhancing Entrepreneurship Development In The Tanzanian Higher Learning Institutions.
(International Journal of Business and Economic Review, 2024) Mollel, Emmanuel; Chachage, Bukaza; Pasape, Liliane
This qualitative study aimed to explore how formal institutions promote entrepreneurship development in the Tanzanian Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) using the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) as a case study. It employed semi-structured individual interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary review as data generation methods. Thematic analysis with the help of Nvivo software was used to analyze the data, revealing insights from 73 respondents, selected based on data saturation. The study applied the institutional theory as a theoretical lens to frame both its methodology and findings interpretation. Results suggest that organized-functional, active and interplaying formal institutions, including the HLIs’ charters, the policies (research and development policy, innovation policy, and entrepreneurship development investment policy), and the dedicated entrepreneurship development courses, play a crucial role in fostering entrepreneurship development in HLIs in Tanzania. The study recommends aligning institutional documents with entrepreneurship development and also ensuring coherence across these instruments.
A Framework for Enhancing Entrepreneurship Development in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania
(International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024-06) Mollel, Emmanuel; Chachage, Bukaza; Pasape, Liliane
The overall objective of this study was to understand the institutional forces for promoting entrepreneurial development in higher learning institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania and to provide an institutional framework for the same. The study used the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) as a case study to provide an account of the formal institutions, the informal institutions, and the organizational legitimacy that influence entrepreneurial development in the Tanzanian HLIs. Methodologically, the study used individual interviews and focus groups for primary data collection, and documentary review for secondary data to back up the primary data. The study used thematic analysis to derive themes from the data. Data were analyzed with the aid of Nvivo computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. Through data saturation, a sample size of 73 respondents was reached. The study revealed that, properly organized formal institutions that are functional, active, and mutually reinforcing- including the HLIs’ charter as a formal external instrument; the research and development policy, innovation policy, entrepreneurship development investment policy, and the entrepreneurship development course as a formal internal instrument-enhance entrepreneurship development in HLIs. The study also revealed the need for informal institutions, such as social traditions and social norms as informal internal instruments, to supplement formal institutions. The study also revealed that, when formal and informal institutional forces are unquestionably functioning, active, and interplaying, and stakeholders are required to comply with them, the organizational legitimacy of entrepreneurship development in HLIs can be attained.
Good governance strategies for sustainable ecotourism in Tanzania
(Journal of Ecotourism, 2015-08-25) Pasape, Liliane; Anderson, Wineaster; Lindi, George
This article assesses the role of good governance strategies in sustaining ecotourism. Using a qualitative method through exploratory research design, 18 good governance strategies that promote sustainable ecotourism were identified. Thereafter, a specific stakeholder survey (n = 250) was conducted in the eastern and northern tourist circuits in Tanzania. Through the discrete choice binary logit model, relationships between the identified strategies and specified ecotourism sustainability indicators were analysed by looking for the strategies that are more associated with each indicator. The findings show that sustainability of ecotourism in the country is mainly jeopardised by inadequate transparency, poor accountability practices and weak integration mechanisms between ecotourism operations and the country's development plans. As a result, poor governance has led to unproductive planning, inefficiencies and mismanagement of ecotourism resources. The study concluded by recommending accountability, transparency and integration between economic activities in order to ensure that ecotourism meets the needs of both current and future generations.
The Influence of Information and Communication Technology on the Business Performance of the Incubated Small Business Enterprises in Tanzania
(Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2022-05-22) Pasape, Liliane
This study analyzed the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on the business performance of incubated small business enterprises (SBEs) in Tanzania. Purposive sampling and structured questionnaires were used on fifty SBEs incubated at the Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Development Organization (TEMDO) incubation center from a population of incubated SBEs in various government institutions, including the Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO) Centre of Agricultural Mechanization and Rural Technologies (CARMMATEC), the Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (TIRDO), and the Tanzania Engineering and Manufacturing Development Organization (TEMDO). Statistical Package for Social Science and R Programming Language were used for data analysis The study established that ICT increases SBE’s market access through information accessibility (70%), market share (80%), promotion strategies (88%) and financial conveniences (74%). Furthermore, SBEs can boost their operational outputs by creating a favorable business environment (64%), lowering business barriers (78%), increasing speed to market (72%), and improving business efficiency (50%). Moreover, SBEs with the aid of ICT have a high chance of increasing business profit through increased sales volume (76%), income level (82%), profit margin (60%) and liquidity level (52%). However, the observed low rating on business efficiency and liquidity due to factors related to the availability and affordability of ICT infrastructure must be addressed to the substantial influence of ICT on SBEs’ business performance.
Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises from Arusha Tanzania: Market Information, Financial Resourc es and Product Quality Setbacks
(Redfame Publishing, 2018-05-29) Pasape, Liliane
The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are key players towards reviving the economy and livelihood development in Tanzania, yet their involvement in international business is still unsatisfactory. This study therefore assessed the three major setbacks for industrialization of Arusha’s SMEs namely as information, finance and quality. A cross-section research design was conducted using questionnaires. Through non-probability sampling, 50 respondents were stratified selected from SMEs owners, employees, business development support organizations and regulators. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and logit model. The findings on the existing business environment revealed that: majority of the SMEs involve women (68%) dealing with handcraft and tailoring, with less than five years of business experience. Moreover, the major identified information setbacks are low access to information source, use of irrelevancy market information, use of in effective medium of communication and high cost of the information. Besides, other financial related setbacks are limited sources of capital, lack of collateral, poor credibility history and high transaction cost. On quality setbacks include selling semi processed products, poor finished product and packaging materials as well insufficient processing machinery. Thus for SMEs internationalization the following recommendations are established: improving accessibility and affordability of relevant market information; designing various financial products at reasonable lending rates, strengthening entrepreneurial skills and formalization of enterprises; enhancing availability of processing machinery and packaging materials for improving product quality and competitiveness as well as avoiding selling of semi processed products . Above all, the government, regulators, private sector organizations and other key players along the value chain must play their respective relevant role towards supporting SMEs.
Key Elements of Customer Trust towards Retaining Customers of Telecommunication Companies in Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2022-08-09) Pasape, Liliane
This study assessed how customer trust affects customer retention in tele communication companies in Tanzania. Using logistic regression, 120 ques tionnaires were analysed. Results revealed respondents were not satisfied with sustainability operations (83.3%), keeping promises (90%), best tele com services (84.2), business performance (83.3%), stable authority and man agement (82.5%). The percentage of correct predictions of variables ranges from 80% to 90%. Besides, values of Nagelkerke’s R-square show the ability of independent variables to account for variation in the dependent variable from 0.050 to 0.193. Additionally, results from the chi-square analysis were only statistically significant for the variable age on the sustainability of op erations for age (0.01) and time (0.02). The logistic regression coefficient shows that time effects operation sustainability negatively by 0.65. For keeping prom ises, predictor age affected the model negatively by 0.07. Moreover, for tel ecom services, predictor variables such as gender and income affected the model positively by 0.19 and 0.07, respectively. Regarding business perfor mance, age and education negatively affect the model by 0.39 and 0.49, re spectively. Furthermore, on stability of authority and management, predic tor variable gender positively affects the model by 0.23. Thus, telecommu nication companies must ensure customers trust their operations, services, business performance, and management framework to enhance customer re tention.
The Potential of Valorized Sisal Decorticated Waste in Rearing of Black Soldier Fly
(MDPI, 2022-12-23) Konyo, Aziza; Machunda, Revocatus; Pasape, Liliane; Mshandete, Anthony
The use of sisal decorticated waste (SDW) for various applications is limited due to its high acidic content. This is the first study of its kind regarding the use of SDW as a substrate for the growth of the black soldier fly (BSF). Pre-treatment was a necessary and challenging step performed on the waste to meet the minimum requirements for the rearing of BSF. The SDW was sun dried, sieved, and decomposited and neutralized to form the final products that were used for the rearing of BSF. The resultant waste had fourteen (14) elements; the essential elemental form results were Ca, P, K, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn at varying levels, which are all essential for animal growth. The SDW contained 10 ± 0.01 percent of crude protein, 11 ± 0.02 moisture and energy (1615 kcal/g of sisal decorticated waste). The sun dried BSF larvae were reared on SDW that contained 53 ± 0.005 percent of crude protein, 4 ± 0.01 percent of crude fat, a moisture content of (10 ± 0.1)%, carbohydrate percent of (43 ± 0.01)%, and ash percent of (37 ± 0.08). When rearing was finished, 3000 g of dried pre-treated waste yielded more wet BSF larvae, (336 ± 41.3) g, compared to 3000 g of fruit waste, which yielded (244 ± 4.16) g of wet BSF larvae. Therefore, based on this study, SDW is a promising potential feed for rearing BSF because it had a better reduction of the waste by 52%. Furthermore, the harvested BSF larvae contained sufficient nutritional value to feed poultry and fish.
A review of Lake Victoria sardine products business and institutional arrangements for domestic and regional trade
(Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2018-10-24) Mkunda, Josephine J.; Lassen, Jesper; Chachage, Bukaza; Kusiluka, Lughano; Pasape, Liliane
Effective and efficient business and institutional arrangements are essential for every industry to position the business ventures within the value chain, show how transactions are made among stakeholders and underlying economic logic for value creation. This review focused on the existing business and established support institutional arrangements for sardines (Rastrineobola argentea) from Lake Victoria in order to assess their influence on domestic and regional trade. The review established that the business arrangements between the crew members and boat owners in Tanzania influences revenue sharing among players; this was connected to poor performance of crew members, theft of fishing equipment, boat engines and portion of fish products by crew members. Sardines traders had not been able to access the lucrative outlets due to weak institutional support and lack of economies of scale. At the national and regional levels, the authors focused on the co-management of fishery resources through the Beach Management Units, national fishery policies, strategies and support institutional arrangements. At national level, the main limitation identified was poor performance of the Local Government Authorities in the aspects of surveillance, control, fisheries law enforcement as well as close monitoring and inspection of fishing activities which led to depletion of the fishery resources and influenced trade performance. Furthermore, it was observed that at regional level, there was weak formal link between the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) and Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) and this jeopardised the effective and efficiency management of fishery resources and efforts towards poverty alleviation.
Review of the factors contributing to the sustainability of the agricultural innovation platform
(International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR), 2018-05-30) Putaa, Humphrey; Chachage, Bukaza; Pasape, Liliane
The study reviewed factors contributing to the sustainability of the agricultural innovation platform (AIP) in Africa. The study found that the sustainability of the AIP is influenced by the numbers of factors which are; motivation, commitment and ownership, capacity building, resources mobilization and linkages. The study recommend that for sustainability of the AIPs; motivation of the stakeholders should start at the initial stage of platform formation, the interest of the stakeholders must be incorporate into platform activities in order to motivate stakeholders, business model should be developed by the platform on how financial resources should obtained and ways of sustained its sources. Moreover, membership contribution should be emphasized, because it can generate revenue and develop sense of ownership. Capacity building in term of training, fields visit, demonstrations, and workshops it develop capacity of actors to innovate so as to address their constraints in the given value chain. In addition, training facilitation techniques to the actors is important and also facilitation role should rotate among the platform actors. Horizontal linkage that connects platforms of the same level should be emphasized in order to enable stakeholders to learn how other platforms address the similar issues. Lastly, vertical linkage should be encouraged to enabling stakeholder at higher level to learn and see the real situation of the community at the local level.
A review of the role of tour operators towards sustaining ecotourism in Tanzania
(Journal of Hospitality Management and Tourism, 2022-08) Pasape, Liliane
This review paper assesses the role of tour operators towards sustaining ecotourism in Tanzania. The motive behind it is based on the argument that tour operators have an important role within the ecotourism multi-stakeholder. However, little has been documented on how best to engage them for sustainable ecotourism. Thus, this paper provides a concise overview of the relevant literature, highlighting existing knowledge and gaps for prospective future research. In addition to the literature review and methods, the result section of the paper is organized in such a way that it elaborates on key concepts and provides the setup and organization of tour operators. As a core part of the review, this study underlined four key roles of tour operators towards sustainable ecotourism: their involvement in planning, development, promotion, and implementation of ecotourism products. The study concluded that ecotourism supporting and regulating machinery must work closely and strategically with tour operators at the individual level or through their existing tourism associations in order to ensure that those four identified areas are effectively and efficiently carried out, not only to enhance their business but also to conserve and market the destination sites and contribute to the country’s revenue.