Browsing by Author "Nade, Paschal"

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Economic Factors Influencing Household Access to Clean Water in a Peri-Urban Area of Northern Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2025-04-30) Ngayaga, Mwahija; Ripanda, Asha; Nade, Paschal; Rwiza, Mwemezi
Economic factors and associated correlations play a crucial role in shaping household access to clean water in peri-urban areas, directly impacting the well-being and health of communities. Most communities globally still lack ac cess to safe and clean water, resulting to illness and even death due to water borne diseases. This study aims to investigate how economic factors influence household access to clean water in a Peri-Urban area of Northern Tanzania. To achieve the objectives of this study, 353 questionnaires were administered, and for qualitative data collection semi-structured interviews were conducted with the key informants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for quantitative data, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results show that 70.8% had no piped water, 65.4% were farmers, and 70.5% of individuals earning less than 110,000 TZS were 1.625 times more likely to lack access to clean water than higher-income households (95% CI: 1.221 - 2.163, p = 0.001) and 48.4% depended on water for production. Most communities in Peri-Ur ban area of Northern Tanzania rely on alternative sources of water, including rivers. To achieve sustainable development goal focusing on improvements in water access, policymakers must prioritise economic development initiatives that foster job creation and infrastructure enhancement.
In The Quest for Semi-Industrialized and Middle-Income Economy: Strategies for Agricultural-Based Industrialization through Co-operatives in Tanzania
(AJOL, 2022) Anania, Paulo; Nade, Paschal
Promoting the industrial sector has been among the key development strategies in most developing countries including Tanzania. The government recognizes co-operatives as key development partners in the current move towards a middle income and semi-industrialized status. This calls for sorting out clearly how co-operatives can engage in the industrialization process. This paper aims to share experiences on practical and theoretical strategies regarding how best co-operatives can engage directly and indirectly in the industrialization process in Tanzania. The authors adapted a systematic literature review approach in this paper. Content analysis was used to analyse collected qualitative data from reviewed works. Secondary data were also collected from various studies including Government reports to cement discussions. With notable examples, the discussion has centred itself on various strategies that co-operatives can, directly and indirectly, engage in the industrialization process. The paper also describes the mechanisms that may be used to finance the industrialization process through co-operative and possible constraints to such investments. It can be concluded that there are direct and indirect options that co-operatives may apply to enter into the industrialization process and in financing the process
Institutional Frameworks and Household Clean Water Accessibility in Peri-Urban Communities of Northern Tanzania: A Case of the Suburban Ward
(African Quarterly Social Science Review, 2025-05-13) Ngayaga, Mwahija; Nade, Paschal; Rwiza, Mwemezi; Ripanda, Asha
The lack of clean water contributes to the transmission of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, particularly among vulnerable populations. This situation threatens public health, especially in resource-limited settings. Various regulatory and environmental factors, including bylaws and policies, water tariffs, electricity access, flooding, infrastructure conditions, pollution, and drought, significantly impact access to clean water by influencing the availability and quality of water resources. This study examines the regulatory environment factors affecting access to clean water in peri-urban communities reliant on piped systems, focusing on household clean water availability in northern Tanzania. Based on the Mary Douglas's Cultural Theory, the study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect quantitative data. Questionnaires were administered to a purposive sample of 353 respondents drawn from a target population of 10,965 individuals from 3,030 households, all aged 18 years or older. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS software. Qualitative data was collected from key informants through interviews and analysed thematically. The results revealed that 51% were aware of the water and environmental policies, 84.7% participated in meetings, 23.2% paid water bills, and access to clean water throughout the year was challenging. The chi-square test indicated a significant relationship (χ² = 48.118, df = 12, p = 0.000) between institutional frameworks and clean water accessibility. Additionally, planting trees and properly managing water sources contribute to the protection of water resources. Educating the community and protecting water sources play a significant role in preserving ecological health and ensuring the sustainability of communities. The study concludes that there is a relationship between regulatory frameworks and clean water accessibility in northern Tanzania. The study recommends continuous provision of education and awareness programs focused on the effective use, management, and protection of water sources to ensure public health and clean water accessible sustainability.
Social demographic determinants of clean water accessibility in Northern Tanzania Open Access
(IWA Publishing, 2025-08-01) Ngayaga, Mwahija; Ripanda, Asha; Kipacha, Ahmadi; Rwiza, Mwemezi; Nade, Paschal
Clean water is essential for survival and community development. Despite its importance, many communities still lack access to it. Billions of people rely on polluted water globally, which leads to diseases and deaths annually. The study assesses socio-demographic determinants of household clean water accessibility in northern Tanzania. Researchers established questionnaires for the population of four villages and interview techniques for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and thematically. The results show that 29.2% of respondents and 71.6% of Nambala had access to piped water, and farming was the primary occupation with 65.4%. Partial correlation revealed that gender, age, marital status, education, and occupation are significantly associated with clean water storage and connectivity systems, suggesting that water infrastructure plays a crucial role in water access. Addressing these disparities can enhance health and economic stability. A multifaceted strategy, incorporating sustainable water management techniques, infrastructure improvements, and community involvement, is necessary.
Social determinants for household clean water accessibility in northern Tanzania: A case of Kikwe peri-urban ward in Arusha
(African Quarterly Social Science Review, 2025-06-26) Ngayaga, Mwahija; Nade, Paschal; Mpumi, Nelson; Ripanda, Asha; Rwiza, Mwemezi
Clean water accessibility is vital to human health and well-being, a fundamental human right. Over 1.7 billion people do not have consistent access to safe drinking water, negatively affecting their health and socioeconomic status. Despite global recognition of clean water as a fundamental human right, many households in peri-urban areas of developing countries, including northern Tanzania, continue to face significant challenges in accessing reliable water sources. In the Kikwe peri-urban ward, disparities in access to clean water are influenced by various social determinants such as education level, gender roles, marital status, and proximity to water sources. These social factors contribute to unequal water distribution and increased vulnerability to waterborne diseases and economic burdens, especially among women and marginalized groups. However, limited empirical data exists on how these social determinants specifically affect household water access in Kikwe, hindering the development of targeted, evidence-based interventions. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the social determinants of household clean water accessibility in Kikwe peri-urban ward of northern Tanzania. The cross-sectional survey combined quantitative and qualitative research methods on 353 respondents sampled from the Kikwe ward. Inference and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the social determinants and respective associations with clean water accessibility. Results show that 64% of respondents finished elementary school, 53% were male, the majority 25.8% aged between 45 to 54, 73.7% were married, 37.4% rely on water from the rivers, 33.7% use public standpipes as the primary source of water, 62.9% female primarily responsible for fetching water and 84.7% of users do not treat water for their daily use. A weak significant correlation existed between water sources and social variables tested, implying clean water is an essential commodity, which needs to be distributed equally regardless of individual status. The findings highlight that clean water accessibility in peri-urban Kikwe is significantly influenced by social inequalities, particularly gender, and proximity to water sources. While the statistical correlations were weak, the trends point to systemic disparities that require deliberate policy attention. It is concluded that equitable access to clean water cannot be achieved without addressing these underlying social determinants. Therefore, it is recommended that targeted educational programs using mobile platforms be introduced to enhance awareness on water treatment and conservation. Additionally, empowering communities through participatory water governance, investing in affordable and decentralized water treatment solutions, and improving local infrastructure is critical for long-term water security and public health resilience in peri-urban areas like Kikwe.