Browsing by Author "Mpolya, E"

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    The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: A systematic review
    (Elsevier, 2021-03) Sungura, R; Onyambu, C; Mpolya, E; Sauli, E; Vianney, J-M
    Brain atrophy is a condition associated with a reduction of brain volume. It is a common manifestation of aging even though it occurs in some childhood conditions and carried forward to pre-senile middle age. There are several causes of brain atrophy resulting in different patterns of brain volume loss which spans from focal, global, central, cortical, and hemiatrophy. These conditions are commonly associated with other neurodegenerative changes that lead to different dysfunctions. Neuroimaging is critical for the diagnosis, evaluation of lesions and quantification of the atrophy. However, radiological quantification of brain volume is done by both automated and manual methods to study brains basing a wide variation of cranial sizes and shapes. A multidisciplinary approach is the future of brain atrophy management. An extended scope of knowledge beyond image interpretation is inevitable.
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    Pulmonary rehabilitation for post-TB lung disease led by TB survivors
    (International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2025-06-04) Mtei, F; Meadows, I; Msaji, K; Thobias, F; Liyoyo, A; Kimaro, A; Joseph, P; Gitige, C; Kaswaga, O; Matoi, S; Ngoma, A; Mbuya, A; Mbelele, P; Ritte, L; Subi, L; Neema, P; Kisonga, R; Mbwana, D; Mpolya, E; Drage, M; Lochting, L; Heysell, S; Mpagama, S
    BACKGROUND: Post-TB patients often experience persistent lung issues that impair exercise capacity and quality of life. Although pulmonary rehabilitation is known to be effective for chronic lung diseases, its role in post-TB lung disease remains underexplored in high TB-burden settings. METHOD: This prospective study (2021–2022) in Tanzania's Kilimanjaro region evaluated a 24-week, community-based pulmonary rehabilitation program led by TB survivors for adults with moderate-to-severe respiratory symptoms despite TB cure. The program included supervised exercise, breathing training, psychosocial support and smoking cessation. Outcomes measured at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks included spirometry, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), BMI, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS: Among 121 participants (mean age 48±8.67 years, 89.2% male), significant improvements were observed in 6MWD (420 vs. 460 meters, p < 0.001) and SGRQ scores (34.63 to 12.99, p < 0.001). Smoking history predicted SGRQ improvement. Although no changes were seen in lung function or BMI, anxiety and depression symptoms improved in those with abnormal baseline scores. CONCLUSION: Community-based pulmonary rehabilitation improved symptomatic individuals' quality of life, physical capacity and mental health. Future research should refine intervention timing and evaluate long-term outcomes across diverse settings.