Browsing by Author "Michael, Kisangiri"

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Access and use of agricultural market information by smallholder farmers: Measuring informational capabilities
(WILEY, 2020-04-03) Magesa, Mawazo; Michael, Kisangiri; Ko, Jesuk
While farmers sell their crops, middlemen provide a linkage between them, markets and buyers. Middlemen have good knowledge of working conditions of markets and have access to agricultural market information. Due to poor access to markets and agricultural market information by smallholders, there is a feeling that middlemen benefit more while farmers sell their crops. Good access to markets and market information may help farmers bypass middlemen while selling crops and thus benefit more. Thus, it is best to improve the informational capabilities (ICs) of farmers in agricultural marketing. Thus, this research measured ICs of farmers accessing market information, through a program NINAYO, while selling their crops. The research utilized the informational, psychological, social, and economic dimensions of the empowerment framework in identifying capability indicators to formulate survey questions. Data were collected from smallholders in six regions in Tanzania. The analysis utilized measures of life satisfaction and results showed that about half of the variation in the dependent variable, satisfaction with capabilities, was explained by the model. Backward elimination analysis confirmed that life satisfaction is multidimensional. Robustness test confirmed a positive relationship between satisfaction and capabilities. Overall, results confirmed ICs are multidimensions, their improvement empowers farmers in agricultural marketing.
Access to Agricultural Market Information by Rural Farmers in Tanzania
(International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research, 2014-07) Magesa, Mawazo M.; Michael, Kisangiri; Ko, Jesuk
Access to agricultural markets and agricultural market information is essential for participating in agricultural markets. A skilled and well-equipped participant benefits more in the agricultural marketing chain. Due to poor access to agricultural markets, rural farmers have for so long depended on subsistence farming living other participants (traders, consumers, intermediaries) benefiting more. Poor access to markets by these rural farmers is attributed by poor road infrastructure, lack of transporting means, and broadly by lack of agricultural market information. Due to lack of market information such as price of produce at the markets, quality and quantity of produces required at the markets, rural farmers negotiate on prices of their produce based on the information provided by traders. These factors significantly reduce the bargaining power of rural farmers and thus promote development of uncompetitive markets. It is envisaged that if rural farmers get a fair share of their produce, they can shift from subsistence farming and consider agriculture as their main economic activity. Dependence on radio programs and mobile phone calls to get agricultural market information has not well benefited remote rural farmers. This study proposes to establish a platform of framework where agricultural market participants can share market information. With this platform, real-time market information can be made available to market participants. The overall goal is to ensure farmers are assisted to get a fair share of their produce.
Agricultural Market Information Services in Developing Countries: A Review
(Advances in Computer Science: an International Journal, 2014-05) Magesa, Mawazo M.; Michael, Kisangiri; Ko, Jesuk
Access to agricultural markets and marketing information are essential factors in promoting competitive markets and improving agricultural sector development. The agricultural sector employs majorities in developing countries and it contributes greatly to the development of these countries. Unluckily, majorities of the farmers are smallholders living in isolated rural areas and thus lack appropriate access to markets for their products and also they are deprived of agricultural market information. As a lack of these, smallholder farmers are exploited by greedy traders and receive low prices for their agricultural produce. This study has explored the use of agricultural market information services in linking smallholder farmers to markets, especially in sub-Sahara developing countries. Origin of, the needs for, and the current status of agricultural market information services in developing countries are clearly presented. Lastly, the study explored the limitation of the success of most agricultural market information services in sub-Sahara developing countries.
Analysis of the Impact of Electromagnetic Radiations from Cell Phones on Male Sperm Infertility
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2013-11) Kibona, Lusekelo; Swagarya, Godbless; Michael, Kisangiri
Tanzania telecommunication sector has witnessed fast growth in the number of mobile telephone users now served by seven cellular operators. Until February 2012, there were about 26 million mobile phone subscribers served by more than 4,000 base stations spread all over the country. Despite the many advantages brought by these systems, there is increased public concern over possible adverse health effects due to electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiated by these equipments. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of the electromagnetic radiations from cellular phones to male sperm infertility. The cellular phones with operating frequency of 900MHz and operating frequency 1800MHz were placed at a certain distance near the male reproductive organ (testis) and then electromagnetic wave radiated by the phone were analyzed by measuring the SAR of the testis. It was concluded that there is significant impact on the male sperm fertility on the exposure of the male reproductive organ to the radiations from the cellular phones at the specified operating frequencies near the testis. Several recommendations has been provided, that radiating devices should not be placed on the male pocket trouser for storage and also making calls while the cell phone is in pocket trouser (ie using headphones to receive or make a call) should be completely avoided.
Automatic Escaped Animal Detection and Monitoring System: A Case study of Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda
(ijasre, 2022-07) Zirakwiye, Innocent; Ndibwile, Jema; Michael, Kisangiri
The results have been shown that the people especially farmers living at the edge of Volcanoes National Park (VNP) practiced agricultural business due to the fertile soil found in the region. The rising number of agronomies in the zone, number of tourists, and illegal forest users such as poaching, and deforestation cause wild animals to get out of their habitats. Therefore, forest animals present a likely risk to damage crops whenever they get out of the forest. The current systems such as “Buffer Wall also known as wall of stones” was manually operated; electric fence systems resulted in death and pain to wild animals. The primary creation of this paper is to develop an Automatic Escaped Animal Detection and Monitoring System. Due to the development of automatic systems for detecting and monitoring all moving wild animals and intruders, it was stated that using automation at Buffer wall could be helpful for both wild animals and farmers keeping safe. The objectives of developing an Automatic Escaped Animal Detection and Monitoring System were to reduce the probability of crop raids, death and injuries between wild animals and farmers, warning the wild animals using of buzzer, speaker with a recorder voice of lion and block of LEDs to remain in their habitats and the notifications sent to the park officials related to the wild animals getting out of the forest. This system should primarily use sensing devices to detect and monitor their presence. The study reveals that the people especially farmers living at the edge of Volcanoes National Park (VNP) can be protected using this system. The specialty of this technological system developed was to automate manual and improve the current systems by using Arduino NANO Microcontroller to execute system’s operations, GPS NEO 6M for locating moving wild animal, Ultrasonic sensor for detecting wildlife and calculating its speed, PIR sensor to detect intruders, GSM SIM900 to notify park rangers, reduction of crop raiding, and finally reducing the death and pain of wild animals caused by the current systems.
Automatic vehicle over speed, accident alert and locator system for public transport (Buses) A case study of Tanzania
(International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, 2013-08) Kusyama, Sadiki Lameck; Michael, Kisangiri; Machuve, Dina
Over speed limit violation done by public transport (buses) is a common problem in most of major roads in Tanzania. This has been reported to be one of the traffic accident causes in Tanzania. Moreover road accidents in Tanzania have been incessant and to bar the loss of life due to accidents is more crucial. This research work proposed and implemented a prototype called Automatic Vehicle Over Speed Accident Alert and Locator System (AVOAALS). The system uses GPS and GSM network, especially GPRS function of the GSM network. The system monitors the speed and accident event of the bus. Once an event is detected, the system leads the current position of the bus using GPS. The event, bus registration number and position data are sent to the control database server as SMS via GPRS services of the GSM Network. The event, bus registration number and position data are then stored in the data base. SMS application software was developed using Microsoft visual studio package. Microsoft SQL saver was used for storing data because of its high performance query engine, tremendously fast data insert capability and strong support for specialized web functions. Using this SMS application software, end user was able to receive SMS on any standard mobile phone about event, position of the targeted object, date and time of event. The administrator at the control data base server was able to extract reports about accident and over speed offenders. This system is very much useful for monitoring speed limit violations, reckless driving, and minifying the accident occurrence as well as optimizing rescue operations. The system was implemented using Sunrom’s GPS receiver with active antenna, GSM modem SIM900D, PIC18F4520 Microcontroller, mobile phone handset Nokia 110 and laptop computer. Prototype was tested and worked perfectly notifying nearby police station, hospital and fire station whenever appropriate event occurred. This work extends the utilization of mobile communication coverage on major roads in Tanzania to enhance road safety.
The Challenges of Adopting M-Learning Assistive Technologies for Visually Impaired Learners in Higher Learning Institution in Tanzania
(International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 2020) Kamaghe, Juliana Samuel; Luhanga, Edith T.; Michael, Kisangiri
In the past decades, the world has experienced major changes in the advancement of learning technologies which has enabled learners to engage in their learning activities anywhere. The penetration of mobile phone internet users in Tanzania has been increasing from 2 million in 2011 to 23mil in 2017 The adoption of mobile-based learning (M-learning) for students who are visually impaired in Tanzania has become a major bottleneck since most of the e-learning contents assume that learners have sight and thus include a lot of visualizations. This causes visually impaired students in higher learning Institutions (HLIs) to face challenges such as technical knowledge gaps. Lack of skills and inaccessibility of online contents, which then lead to drop out of the university. The aim of this study is to determine the awareness and usage levels of existing mobile assistive technologies for visual impairment, and the remaining challenges that visually impaired students face, when using such tools on smartphones to access m-learning content from HLIs. in Tanzania. The research was conducted an observational and contextual inquiry study at three major HLIs. We found that 67% of respondents did not have knowledge of m-learning assistive technologies, and their technology barriers for visually impaired students. Also, knowledge, accessibility of Assistive technology and affordability can hinder the adoption of m-learning in Higher Learning Institutions
Climatology-aware health management information system to enhance cholera epidemic analysis and prediction in Tanzania
(International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE), 2019) Leo, Judith; Luhanga, Edith T.; Michael, Kisangiri
The cholera epidemic remains a public health threat in many developing countries including Tanzania. It affects vulnerable populations living with an unreliable water supply and sub-standard sanitary conditions. Various studies have found that the occurrence of cholera has strong linkage with environmental factors such as climatology aspects and geographical location. In addition, climatology has been strongly linked to the creation of weather patterns that favor the transmission and growth of Vibrio cholerae, which causes the disease. There are several studies that have been conducted to integrate environmental factors into the existing health management information systems (HMISs) in order to enhance the analysis of cholera epidemics in Tanzania. This work explored how well climatology factors have been integrated into these existing HMISs and the potential of the systems in enhancing cholera epidemics analysis. We found that most of the existing HMISs have not explicitly integrated environmental and climatology features for effective analysis of diseases. We thus proposed the design and development of an effective Climatology-aware HMIS. Then, evaluate it with clinical and environmental data such as; geographical location, weather, conditions of the day, and date on set, of 22 medical students staying in the Mweka district in Tanzania. The results of system evaluation showed that 87% provided positive feedback on the capacity of the developed system, towards enhancing the cholera epidemic analysis and prediction linked with environmental factors particularly the climate change variables. The study recommends the review of systems and policies in the health sectors in order to adapt climatology factors.
Comparison of Empirical Propagation Path Loss Models for Mobile Communication
(Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, 2014) Mollel, Michael; Michael, Kisangiri
Empirical propagation models have found favor in both research and industrial communities owing to their speed of execution and their limited reliance on detailed knowledge of the terrain. In mobile communication the accuracy prediction of path losses is a crucial element during network planning and optimization. However, the existence of multiple propagation models means that there is no propagation model which is precisely and accurate in prediction of path loss fit for every environs other than in which they were designed. This paper presents few empirical models suitable for path loss prediction in mobile communication. Experimental measurements of received power for the 900 MHz GSM system are made in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Measured data are compared with those obtained by five prediction models: Stanford University Interim (SUI) models [1], the COST-231 Hata model [2], the ECC-33 model [3], the ERICSSON model [4], and the HATA-OKUMURA model [5]. The results show that in general the SUI, COST-231, ERICSSON, and Hata-Okumura under-predict the path loss in all environments, while the ECC-33 model shows the best results, especially in suburban and over-predict pathloss in urban area.
Dataset: Optimizing LoRaWAN Throughput in Maritime Environments Through Adaptive Coding and Modulation in Rayleigh Fading Channels
(Zenodo, 2025) Lyimo, Martine; Mgawe, Bonny; Leo, Judith; Dida, Mussa; Michael, Kisangiri
This dataset supports the article “Optimizing LoRaWAN Throughput in Maritime Environments through Adaptive Coding and Modulation under Rayleigh Fading”. It includes simulation outputs and MATLAB source code for reproducing all figures and results in the study. Files include throughput, PER, energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, and an ACM algorithm function.
Deep Reinforcement Learning based Handover Management for Millimeter Wave Communication
(International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,, 2021) Mollel, Michael; Kaijage, Shubi; Michael, Kisangiri
The Millimeter Wave (mm-wave) band has a broad-spectrum capable of transmitting multi-gigabit per-second date-rate. However, the band suffers seriously from obstruction and high path loss, resulting in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmissions. All these lead to significant fluctu-ation in the signal received at the user end. Signal fluctuations present an unprecedented challenge in implementing the fifth gen-eration (5G) use-cases of the mm-wave spectrum. It also increases the user’s chances of changing the serving Base Station (BS) in the process, commonly known as Handover (HO). HO events become frequent for an ultra-dense dense network scenario, and HO management becomes increasingly challenging as the number of BS increases. HOs reduce network throughput, and hence the significance of mm-wave to 5G wireless system is diminished without adequate HO control. In this study, we propose a model for HO control based on the offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that autonomously and smartly optimizes HO decisions taking into account prolonged user connectivity and throughput. We conclude by presenting the proposed model’s performance and comparing it with the state-of-art model, rate based HO scheme. The results reveal that the proposed model decreases excess HO by 70%, thus achieving a higher throughput relative to the rates based HO scheme.
Deign of Low Cost Blood Pressure and Body Temperature interface
(International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE), 2013-08) Mazima, Johevajile K.N; Michael, Kisangiri; Machuve, Dina
The objective of this work is to design a non-intrusive, accurate, and low cost biomedical sensor interface for processing blood pressure and body temperature vital signs. The work purposely deals with the signal conditioning of two vital signs: blood pressure, and body temperature. Blood pressure uses the methodology of Photoplethysmography to continuously monitor the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Body temperature is dealt with a LM35 sensor. We design the signal conditioning interface based on the type of sensor such as pressure and temperature sensor. We simulate the circuits in proteus software to verify their accuracy. We also simulate the temperature simulated results in MATLAB to verify the linearity of the temperature against the output voltage. Therefore, the design will be useful for the patient monitoring systems which use microcontroller for interpretation before sending them to the doctor through mobile phone network assisted by GSM/GPRS modem.
Deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSN) in automated irrigation management and scheduling systems: a review
(IEEE, 2015-03-05) Haule, Joseph; Michael, Kisangiri
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an important and exciting technology with great potential for application in various fields including medicine, transportation, agriculture, industrial process control, global-scale environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. This paper reviews the application of WSN in automating irrigation management and rescheduling. Irrigation management and rescheduling based on WSN are potential solutions for optimum water management via automatic access to in-field soil moisture conditions and control of irrigation systems.
Design and Analysis of Smart Sensing System for Animal Emotions Recognition
(International Journal of Computer Applications, 2017-07) Massawe, Erick Alphonce; Michael, Kisangiri; Kaijage, Shubi; Seshaiyer, Padmanabhan
Recently, animal emotion recognition has become an important field for developing intelligent systems for tracking and monitoring rhinos and elephants. In this work, a smart sensing system that helps in detecting animal emotions based on information from physiological parameters obtained from sensors attached on animal body, has been designed. The signals are continuously obtained from a heart rate sensor,galvanic skin resistance sensorand body temperature sensor. After amplifying and filtering of the signals from the sensors are done, they are processed in the microcontroller and transmitted wirelessly using GSM modem and ZigBee technologies.The signals which are received from the system are displayed and stored in the database where they are analyzed visually for patterns. The four basic emotions parameters observed in this project are happy (excited), sad, angry and neutral (relaxed). In this research dog have been used for the pilot study.
Design of ECG Sensor Interface for Biosignal Extraction
(International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 2013-08) Mazima, Johevajile; Michael, Kisangiri; Machuve, Dina
The main objective of this paper is to propose the design of a sensor interface for gathering biosignal. This signal is acquired from the patient’s body by the ECG sensor. The interface includes the instrumentation amplifier, bandpass filter, notch filter and the gain amplifier for improving the weak signal captured from the human body. The interface designed is intended to be used in supporting remote monitoring devices for the patients living in areas with limited access to medical assistance or scarce clinical resources especially in rural areas. The patient monitoring systems are expected to use the GSM/GPRS network directly through GSM/GPRS modem instead of using additional devices like Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Since, the network is currently available in remote area for access. The design is helpful to improve people’s quality of life, as well as to allow an improvement in the government attendance indices.
Design of soft viterbi algorithm decoder enhanced with non-transmittable codewords for storage media
(International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA), 2017-02) Hassan, Kilavo; Michael, Kisangiri; Mrutu, Salehe I.
Viterbi Algorithm Decoder Enhanced with Non-transmittable Codewords is one of the best decoding algorithm which effectively improves forward error correction performance. HoweverViterbi decoder enhanced with NTCs is not yet designed to work in storage media devices. Currently Reed Solomon (RS) Algorithm is almost the dominant algorithm used in correcting error in storage media. Conversely, recent studies show that there still exist low reliability of data in storage media while the demand for storage media increases drastically. This study proposes a design of the Soft Viterbi Algorithm decoder enhanced with Non-transmittable Codewords (SVAD-NTCs) to be used in storage media for error correction. Matlab simulation was used in this design in order to investigate behavior and effectiveness of SVAD-NTCs in correcting errors in data retrieving from storage media.Sample data of one million bits are randomly generated, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) was used as data distortion model and Binary Phase- Shift Keying (BPSK) was applied for simulation modulation. Results show that,behaviors of SVAD-NTC performance increase as you increase the NTCs, but beyond 6NTCs there is no significant change and SVAD-NTCs design drastically reduce the total residual error from 216,878 of Reed Solomon to 23,900.
Design of soft viterbi algorithm decoder enhanced with non-transmittable codewords for storage media
(International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications, 2017-02) Hassan, Kilavo; Michael, Kisangiri; Mrutu, Salehe
Viterbi Algorithm Decoder Enhanced with Non-transmittable Codewords is one of the best decoding algorithm which effectively improves forward error correction performance. HoweverViterbi decoder enhanced with NTCs is not yet designed to work in storage media devices. Currently Reed Solomon (RS) Algorithm is almost the dominant algorithm used in correcting error in storage media. Conversely, recent studies show that there still exist low reliability of data in storage media while the demand for storage media increases drastically. This study proposes a design of the Soft Viterbi Algorithm decoder enhanced with Non-transmittable Codewords (SVAD-NTCs) to be used in storage media for error correction. Matlab simulation was used in this design in order to investigate behavior and effectiveness of SVAD-NTCs in correcting errors in data retrieving from storage media.Sample data of one million bits are randomly generated, Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) was used as data distortion model and Binary Phase- Shift Keying (BPSK) was applied for simulation modulation. Results show that,behaviors of SVAD-NTC performance increase as you increase the NTCs, but beyond 6NTCs there is no significant change and SVAD-NTCs design drastically reduce the total residual error from 216,878 of Reed Solomon to 23,900
Designing and Simulation of an Automated Irrigation Management System Deployed by using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
(Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 2014) Haule, Joseph; Michael, Kisangiri
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is currently an active research area due to its exciting technology and potential in different applications. The advantages of wireless transmission are significant reduction and simplification in wiring, allows remote sensor monitoring, such as monitoring dangerous, hazardous, allow faster deployment and installation of different types of sensors. WSN is applied in various fields including medicine, transportation, agriculture, industrial process control, global-scale environmental monitoring and precision agriculture. Availability of fresh water is one of the elementary conditions for life on Earth, however, water is a limited resource, and is having demand from several economic sectors such as tourism, industry, and agriculture. In particular, irrigated agriculture is one of the major water-consuming sectors. The above-mentioned issues justify the need for having a system which will facilitate an efficient utilization of water in the irrigation processes.This paper describes an application of wireless sensor network in designing an automated irrigation management system which monitors real time water content in the soil. The system will allow water to flow to the soil only when the soil is in the state of “Water hungry”. The designed system has three units namely; slave unit, master unit and the valve control unit.
Development of an Algorithm for Optimizing Array Antenna Elements for Cellular Networks Using Evolutionary Computation
(International Journal of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2019-06) Kazema, Twahir; Michael, Kisangiri
The discussion on a number of important issues and the state-of-the-art development of the model for optimizing antenna array element was done. An optimal radiation pattern as well as minimum side lobes levels were obtained for a rectangular antenna array using the hybridization of particle swarm and genetic algorithm optimization technique. A set of normalized complex and phase shift weights were generated by the developed optimization algorithm and the bound constrained fitness function that allows the optimization for non-uniform element spacing was presented. A comparison between the un-optimized pattern and the one optimized for minimization of SLL using the model developed in this research was also presented, the results show that the latter achieves a better and more consistent radiation pattern as well as non-complexity flow of the developed model itself. Lastly the study proposed multi-beam antenna architecture for multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) interworking which is key enabling technology for 5G vision.
Development of Optical-based and Imaging Technology Detection, Diagnosis and Prevention of Aflatoxin Contamination on Maize Crop
(International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), 2022-02) Rashid, Ghaniya; Michael, Kisangiri; Mbega, Ernest
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced naturally by some mold strains, such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Weather factors, notably moisture levels of more than 18 percent and temperatures of more than 32°C, influence the proliferation of aflatoxin-producing fungus. Aflatoxin pollution is a danger to human and animal healthiness. As a result, there is a pressing need to control aflatoxin, particularly in crops like maize, in countries where aflatoxin susceptibility is high, such as Tanzania.Several aflatoxin management solutions are being developed, however, for them to be effective, accurate identification of fungus or aflatoxins contamination on grain surfaces is required. While the majority of the known solutions include growing and identifying the fungusresponsible or using Higher-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPCL), Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) to detect aflatoxin early, this review underlines the prospect of employing computer-based techniques to detect aflatoxin early. Because of these options, producers will be able to quickly detect aflatoxin contamination and, as a result, make informed decisions about how to prevent and/or reduce aflatoxin contamination,hence enhancing maize quality and storability.