Browsing by Author "Kijazi, Ahmed"

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A Monitoring System for Transboundary Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) considering the Demographic Characteristics in Gairo, Tanzania
(Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research (ETASR), 2021-08) Kijazi, Ahmed; Kisangiri, Michael; Kaijage, Shubi; Shirima, Gabriel
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is present in many countries, including Tanzania. Gairo is among the districts that frequently face FMD. This study found that the current mechanism for communicating FMD in Gairo district suffers from a long chain of information flow that causes delay and insufficient information for FMD control. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation of an information system named "Monitoring System for Transboundary Foot and Mouth Disease," developed purposely to provide a standard platform for communicating FMD between livestock keepers and other stakeholders in the district. The system enables timely sharing of FMD events such as outbreaks, precaution measures, clinical signs, and negative impacts using Short Message Services (SMS), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), and Voice Calls (robo-calls) through the mobile phones. Also, livestock keepers may report FMD outbreaks direct to the system using feature phones. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data and Microsoft Visio was used for drawing the system architecture and information flow diagram. Finally, the system was implemented using PHP hypertext processor, JQuery, HTML, JSON, JavaScript, MySQL, and Apache webserver.
A monitoring system for transboundary foot and mouth disease considering livestock keepers demographic characteristics
(NM-AIST, 2023-03) Kijazi, Ahmed
Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary disease caused by a virus that affects domestic and wild cloven-hooved animals such as sheep, goats, pigs, and buffalos. FMD is transmitted from one animal to another through direct or indirect contact. Apart from other animal diseases, FMD has been given great attention due to its unique behaviour, such as being potentially dangerous, rapidly spreading disease, and it has no cure. Therefore, immediate information flow among livestock stakeholders could help to mitigate FMD. Realizing the importance of animal disease surveillance, many agencies developed systems for monitoring animal health (fast disease reporting and response). The challenge is that they were developed using advanced technologies like web-based and android, requiring skills, internet connectivity, computers, and smartphones to access them. However, most livestock keepers lack these facilities, especially in developing countries. In that case, they deny access to livestock keepers positioned at the grass-root of animals’ disease reporting chain since illnesses always begin with their animals. Therefore, their lack of participation in reporting or receiving animal disease information through the electronic-based animal disease surveillance system causes a delay in identifying and reporting disease cases and provides insufficient information for controlling contiguous diseases like FMD, which require more precautionary measures through timely information sharing. This study aims to bridge the gap between livestock keepers and top-level stakeholders by developing an animal diseases surveillance system named “Monitoring System for Transboundary Foot and Mouth Disease Considering Livestock Keepers Demographic Characteristics (AMoS4T- FMD)”. The system provides a standard platform for sharing FMD-related information between top- level stakeholders and livestock keepers in time using various mobile technologies based on their demographic characteristics. Gairo district in the Morogoro region was selected as a study area. Therefore, the surveillance system was developed and tested in Gairo district settings. However, it has flexible settings to work elsewhere. In Gairo, livestock keepers’ mobile phone usage and demographic data were collected to determine the appropriate mobile technologies to communicate animal disease surveillance information among themselves and top-level stakeholders through AMoS4T-FMD. After that, an algorithm (FMD communication algorithm) which enables livestock keepers to communicate with AMoS4T-FMD using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS) and Robot calls (Robocalls) based on their demographic data was developed. Also, a Model for predicting and alerting FMD outbreaks in the Gairo district using an Agent-Based Simulation modelling technique was developed. Lastly, the FMD communication algorithm and the Agent- ii Based Simulation model were combined into the software using the waterfall model for system development. Finally, the system was tested using verification and validation techniques.
A monitoring system for transboundary foot and mouth disease considering livestock keepers demographic characteristics
(NM-AIST, 2023-03) Kijazi, Ahmed
Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) is a transboundary disease caused by a virus that affects domestic and wild cloven-hooved animals such as sheep, goats, pigs, and buffalos. FMD is transmitted from one animal to another through direct or indirect contact. Apart from other animal diseases, FMD has been given great attention due to its unique behaviour, such as being potentially dangerous, rapidly spreading disease, and it has no cure. Therefore, immediate information flow among livestock stakeholders could help to mitigate FMD. Realizing the importance of animal disease surveillance, many agencies developed systems for monitoring animal health (fast disease reporting and response). The challenge is that they were developed using advanced technologies like web-based and android, requiring skills, internet connectivity, computers, and smartphones to access them. However, most livestock keepers lack these facilities, especially in developing countries. In that case, they deny access to livestock keepers positioned at the grass-root of animals’ disease reporting chain since illnesses always begin with their animals. Therefore, their lack of participation in reporting or receiving animal disease information through the electronic-based animal disease surveillance system causes a delay in identifying and reporting disease cases and provides insufficient information for controlling contiguous diseases like FMD, which require more precautionary measures through timely information sharing. This study aims to bridge the gap between livestock keepers and top-level stakeholders by developing an animal diseases surveillance system named “Monitoring System for Transboundary Foot and Mouth Disease Considering Livestock Keepers Demographic Characteristics (AMoS4T-FMD)”. The system provides a standard platform for sharing FMD-related information between top- level stakeholders and livestock keepers in time using various mobile technologies based on their demographic characteristics. Gairo district in the Morogoro region was selected as a study area. Therefore, the surveillance system was developed and tested in Gairo district settings. However, it has flexible settings to work elsewhere. In Gairo, livestock keepers’ mobile phone usage and demographic data were collected to determine the appropriate mobile technologies to communicate animal disease surveillance information among themselves and top-level stakeholders through AMoS4T-FMD. After that, an algorithm (FMD communication algorithm) which enables livestock keepers to communicate with AMoS4T-FMD using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Message Service (SMS) and Robot calls (Robocalls) based on their demographic data was developed. Also, a Model for predicting and alerting FMD outbreaks in the Gairo district using an Agent-Based Simulation modelling technique was developed. Lastly, the FMD communication algorithm and the Agent- ii Based Simulation model were combined into the software using the waterfall model for system development. Finally, the system was tested using verification and validation techniques
Multifunctional network monitoring system using SMS
(IEEE, 2014-07-14) Kijazi, Ahmed; Kisangiri, Michael
Network monitoring is very important for the reliable operation of any network, monitoring is not only concerned with the monitoring of its performance and availability, but also monitoring of network operating environment, because they are both contributing to the reliable operated network. For the effective network monitoring, it is better for Network administrators being intact with both instant network operations as well as different hazards such as fire, water, humidity, power fluctuation and temperature even if they are not physically present in the network operation room. The objective of this paper is to provide an efficient remote Local area Network (LAN) monitoring, mainly focusing on Server room devices and its environment sensors for network administrators ,
A Proposed Information System for Communicating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Events among Livestock Stakeholders in Gairo District, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
(Hindawi, 2021-04-21) Kijazi, Ahmed; Kisangiri, Michael; Kaijage, Shubi; Shirima, Gabriel
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is present in many countries globally, including Tanzania, especially Gairo district. The data shows that 78% of livestock keepers in Gairo district had already observed FMD infection in their cattle, and the pastoral communities were mostly affected. Currently, vaccination is the main tool for controlling FMD because there are no therapeutic intervention tools. Therefore, effective communication among livestock stakeholders can be used as an essential tool of preparedness for the disease’s impact. This study had two specific objectives: (i) to explore the challenges of communicating FMD events among livestock keepers and other livestock stakeholders in Gairo district and (ii) to propose an information system for sharing FMD events among the livestock stakeholders in Gairo district. The study found that there was a delay when communicating FMD events in Gairo district due to the long chain of information flow. Therefore, the system aims to reduce the communication chain by allowing livestock keepers to report disease outbreaks directly to the system. Livestock keepers may also access FMD precaution measures, negative impacts, clinical signs transmission ways, and current outbreaks directly from the system using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), Short Message Services (SMS), robocalls, and feature phones. The system also provides a common platform for sharing FMD outbreaks data and events to other stakeholders based on the system’s privileges. In this study, a closed-ended interview using a questionnaire was used for data collection. The PHP hypertext processor, jQuery, HTML, JSON, JavaScript, Apache web server, and MySQL database were used for developing the system.
A Step on Developing Network Monitoring Tools
(Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems, 2014) Kijazi, Ahmed; Michael, Kisangiri
Network Monitoring involves Using Software or hardware based Systems or a combination of both to constantly observe the status of network devices and hosts, and notifies the network administrator via email, SMS or other alarms in case of error or fail. Observing the status of network device and hosts is done when the Monitoring System speaks with the networking devices or hosts using different protocols within the protocols stack (OSI Layer) ,see Figure1.The aim of this paper is to provide a footstep on developing a network monitoring tool for monitoring network devices and hosts. This is a software based Network Monitoring tool using a combination of Simple network Monitoring Protocol (SNMP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and Port scanning concept.
Towards an Integrated Mobile Technology on Animal Disease Surveillance Framework in Tanzania : A Systematic Review Summary of Reviewed Literature
(IADITI, 2022) Kijazi, Ahmed; Kisangiri, Michael; Kaijage, Shubi; Shirima, Gabriel
Tanzanian Government, through its national audit office in March 2020, reported the prevalence decline of two animal diseases, namely; Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Similarly, an increase in three animal diseases, which are African Swine Fever (ASV), Contagious CaprinePleuropneumonia (CCPP), and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). The national audit office mentioned inadequate animal disease surveillance system in the country was among the challenges that hinder diseases control. Therefore, this study reviews the existing animal diseases surveillance systems global and suggests measures to enhance animal diseases surveillance systems in Tanzania. This review focuses on the possibility of sharing surveillance data among livestock stakeholders (including livestock keepers) in Tanzania, considering available resources such as animal diseases existing prediction models and mobile-based surveillance systems. Also, the availability of mobile technologies such as Short Message Service (SMS), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) andautomatic voice calls (Robocalls). Reviews synthesize the previous studies to explore strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and challenges for better future interventions through proper and timely information sharing. This study selected 46 records from the 147 identified for review. The selected records include 24 from bibliographic databases, 14 from full-text journals and other non-bibliographic d
Towards an Integrated Mobile Technology on Animal Disease Surveillance Framework in Tanzania: A Systematic Review
(IADITI, 2022-04-22) Kijazi, Ahmed; Kisangiri, Michael; Kaijage, Shubi; Shirima, Gabriel
Tanzanian Government, through its national audit office in March 2020, reported the prevalence decline of two animal diseases, namely; Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Similarly, an increase in three animal diseases, which are African Swine Fever (ASV), Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP), and Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). The national audit office mentioned inadequate animal disease surveillance system in the country was among the challenges that hinder diseases control. Therefore, this study reviews the existing animal diseases surveillance systems global and suggests measures to enhance animal diseases surveillance systems in Tanzania. This review focuses on the possibility of sharing surveillance data among livestock stakeholders (including livestock keepers) in Tanzania, considering available resources such as animal diseases existing prediction models and mobile-based surveillance systems. Also, the availability of mobile technologies such as Short Message Service (SMS), Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) and automatic voice calls (Robocalls). Reviews synthesize the previous studies to explore strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and challenges for better future interventions through proper and timely information sharing. This study selected 46 records from the 147 identified for review. The selected records include 24 from bibliographic databases, 14 from full-text journals and other non-bibliographic databases, and 8 from the open search on websites