Browsing by Author "Kalula, Sadiki"

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    Analysis of Factors for the Uncorrelated Relationship between the Broadband Internet Initiatives against Broadband Adoption for Rural Areas in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Case of Tanzania
    (International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre), 2022-01) Kalula, Sadiki; Dida, Mussa; Yonah, Zaipuna
    As evident as the contribution of broadband internet in developed countries’ economies has been, many developing countries have taken initiatives to exploit the same. However, the efforts are not reflected in the rural areas broadband adoption as reported by global Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs’) ranking bodies. This study aims to analyze the factors towards the uncorrelated relationship between the broadband initiatives against broadband adoption in rural parts of Low Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) looking from the supply side, exemplified here by Tanzania. The initiatives considered are National ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) and Universal Communication Service Access Fund (UCSAF). The study deployed a Qualitative Research Method (QRM) exploiting semi-structured interviews for data collection. 23 interviews were conducted with personnel from the aforementioned entities together with their collaborating agencies. Thematic analysis was opted where vigorous coding and data cleaning resulted in five themes characterizing poor broadband adoption; infrastructure, affordability, digital skills, contents’ relevance and services, and statistical reporting. The majority of the response (84%) agreed that the ranks reflect what is found on the ground hence more work is needed from the supply side on enforcing adoption in rural areas. Nevertheless, 16% of the coded responses maintain a view that improper statistical reporting due to statistical model mismatch and data unavailability from local statistical agencies to some extent causes the poor adoption ranks in the global ranking bodies. This article should provide insights to policymakers towards creating/improving and implementation of broadband plans/policies, and as a result, exploiting broadband contribution to countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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    Applying Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Users' Intention to Adopt Broadband Internet in Lower-Middle Income Countries' Rural Areas: A Case of Tanzania
    (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 2024-03-30) Kalula, Sadiki; Dida, Mussa; Yonah, Zaipuna
    Broadband Internet has proven to be vital for economic growth in developed countries. Developing countries have implemented several initiatives to increase their broadband access. However, its full potential can only be realized through adoption and use. With lower-middle-income countries accounting for the majority of the world’s unconnected population, this study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate users’ intentions to adopt broadband. Rural Tanzania was chosen as a case study. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three weeks, using 155 people from seven villages with the lowest broadband adoption rates. Non-probability voluntary response sampling was used to recruit the participants. Using the TPB constructs: attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), ordinal regression analysis was employed to predict intention. Descriptive statistical analysis yielded mean scores (standard deviation) as 3.59 (0.46) for ATB, 3.34 (0.40) for SN, 3.75 (0.29) for PBC, and 4.12 (0.66) for intention. The model adequately described the data based on a comparison of the model with predictors and the null model, which revealed a substantial improvement in fit ( p<0.05). Moreover, the predictors accounted for 50.3% of the variation in the intention to use broadband Internet, demonstrating the predictive power of the TPB constructs. Furthermore, the TPB constructs were all significant positive predictors of intention: ATB (β=1.938, p<0.05), SN (β=2.144, p<0.05), and PBC (β=1.437, p=0.013). The findings of this study provide insight into how behavioral factors influence the likelihood of individuals adopting broadband Internet and could guide interventions through policies meant to promote broadband adoption.