Browsing by Author "Kakoko, Lilian"

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    Experimental Investigation of Soapstone and Granite Rocks as Energy-Storage Materials for Concentrated Solar Power Generation and Solar Drying Technology
    (ACS Omega, 2023) Kakoko, Lilian; Jande, Yusufu; Kivevele, Thomas
    The intermittence of solar energy resource in concentrated solar power (CSP) generation and solar drying applications can be mitigated by employing thermal energy storage materials. Natural rocks are well recommended thermal energy storage materials as they are efficient for CSP generation. This study explores the potential of soapstone rock and also the influence of the sites’ geo-tectonic setting to soapstone and granite rocks as thermal energy storage materials. Experimental characterization was done to investigate the thermo-chemical properties (thermal stability (TGA), crystalline phases (XRD), petrographic imaging and chemical composition (XRF), and high temperature test); the thermo-physical properties (density, porosity, specific and thermal capacity (DSC), thermal diffusivity, and conductivities (LFA)); and the thermo-mechanical properties (Young’s modulus) of the rocks. Consequently, the rock with the most desired properties for thermal energy storage was the soapstone rock from the Craton geo-tectonic setting and it had a Young’s modulus of 135 GPa at room temperature. At solar drying and CSP temperatures it had thermal capacities of 3.28 MJ/(m3·K) and 4.65 MJ/(m3·K); densities of 2.785 g/cm3 and 2.77 g/cm3; and conductivities of 2.56 W/(m·K) and 2.43 W/(m·K) respectively, and had weight loss of 0.75% at 900 °C. At high temperatures, only granite from Craton had visible cracks while the other 3 rocks did not show visible signs of fracture. Conclusively, soapstone and granite from Craton in the Dodoma region and Usagaran in the Iringa geo-tectonic settings exhibit significant differences in most thermo-properties.
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    Experimental investigation of the variation in the potential of selected natural rocks as thermal energy storage materials
    (NM-AIST, 2023-08) Kakoko, Lilian
    Fossil fuels cause greenhouse gas emissions and are perceived to deplete, hence the use of renewable energy is considered crucial. These renewables include the use of solar thermal energy in concentrated solar power (CSP) generation and solar drying applications. However, solar energy is intermittent, thus solved by incorporating thermal energy storage (TES) to store heat energy for future use. However, the most common weaknesses in TES materials are high cost of investment, environmentally unfriendly and are not locally available. Using natural rocks is recommended as they are readily available, affordable and efficient TES materials for solar drying applications at 40-75 °C and concentrated solar power generation at 500-600°C. Despite its generational use in thermal applications, soapstone rock has not been studied as a TES material. Moreover, site specificity has not been investigated in spite of being stated to affect the potential of rocks in TES. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of soapstone rock as a TES material, and the influence of the geological-tectonic settings. In the present study, experimental characterization of selected natural rocks namely soapstone and granite, was done to investigate their thermal properties at 20-950°C. Conclusively, soapstone rock from the Craton geo-tectonic setting had the best properties and it had the highest young’s modulus, thermal capacity, thermal conductivity and had a weight loss of only 0.75 % at 900°C. At high temperatures, it did not show visible fracture. Moreover, soapstone and granite from the Craton and Usagaran geo-tectonic settings exhibit significant differences