Browsing by Author "Adeeyo, Adeyemi"

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Application of Magnetic Surfactants in Nanoparticle Fabrication
(ACS Publication, 2023-08-28) Ademola, Ebenezer; Oyetade, Joshua; Adeeyo, Adeyemi
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are a group of nanoparticles made from a magnetic material such as iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt or nickel and a chemical component that exhibit superparamagnetic properties. They have a wide range of applications in medicine, wastewater treatment and bioremediation, food industries, and molecular biology, among others, due to their size effects, surface-to-volume ratio, interaction, magnetic separation, specificity, and surface chemistry. However, the incorporation of amphiphilic surface active agents called surfactants into MNPs to serve as capping, structure-directing, ion-exchange, oxidation, and reduction agents is known to affect MNPs physicochemical properties including size, shape, dispersability, stability, surface charge, biocompatibility, optical properties, thermal properties, selectivity, cellular uptake, magnetic energy, functionality, and applicability. Thereby increasing their applications in drug delivery, cancer therapy, biosensors, diagnostic testing, bioimaging, water treatment, enhanced oil recovery, catalysis, energy storage, and information storage. This chapter addresses the mechanisms of synthesis of Magnetic Surfactant Nanoparticles (MSNPs), the roles of surfactants in MNPs fabrication, the influence of surfactants on the properties of MNPs, comparative performances and applications of MSNPs, cost analysis and future prospects, and likely challenges.
Detection of Microbial Contaminants in Water: Conventional Methods, Pragmatic Alternatives, and Nanosensing Techniques
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2025-08-28) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Edokpayi, Joshua; Alabi, Mercy; Oyetade, oshua; Ubomba‐Jaswa, Eunice; Jaca, Penny; Makungo, Rachel
The complexities of microbial detection and conventional enumeration necessitates the adoption of pragmatic alternatives. This review expands the boundaries of knowledge for microbial detection and sensing, particularly within the field of water quality analysis. Observed alternatives to conventional techniques for microbial analyses in recent studies include Microarray, Fluo- rescent in situ hybridization (FISH), loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) and flow cytometry, while nanosensors stood out as an alternative for microbial detection in real‐time. This study presents the limitation of conventional methods of detection in water and presents nano- particles as a detection agent with possibility of incorporation into point‐of‐use detection. It is notable that nanosensors are currently emerging in the detection of bacteria, viruses and other pathogens in water and have been used in the detection of bacterial pathogens than viral. Nanosensors are established as good choice for rapid water analysis with application in point‐of‐ use and analytical devices. In the use of nanozymes, the choice over natural enzymes can be linked to their unique and excellent catalytic activities, cost‐effectiveness and ease of mass production.
Evaluation of Purification and Disinfection Potentials of Plant-Based Biomass from Wild Sesame Plant
(Microbiol Research, 2025-11-25) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Eulendah, Hlavangwani; Alabi, Mercy; Oyetade, Joshua; Msagati, Titus; Makungo, Rachel
The limitations reported for conventional approaches in the treatment and disinfection of water have led to a recent exploration in the use of plant-based water treatment solutions. This technique leverages natural, renewable, and often locally available resources with appreciable environmentally friendly features, cost-effectiveness, and a sustainable nature compared to chemical and energy-intensive conventional methods. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the water purification and disinfection potential of Sesame plant biomass. The experimental process entails the use of plant fibre, leaf dry matter, and ash for the treatment of sampled water from the river and spring source at concentrations of 1–5 g/L. The physicochemical and microbial properties of river and spring water were evaluated after 30 min and 24 h of treatment. Raw river water showed higher pH, conduc- tivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity than spring water. Treatment increased pH in both sources (river 6.86–7.94; spring 6.46–8.28), remaining within regulatory limits. The greatest salinity reduction (79.03 mg/L) occurred with dry leaf matter in river water. Sesame ash showed the strongest antimicrobial effect, inhibiting E. coli by 99% in river water and completely in spring water. The reduction in total coliforms by 98% also highlights its potential for sustainable water purification.
Investigating cultivation, application and value-added products of mushrooms and truffles: a review
(Springer Nature, 2026-01-07) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Oluwaseun, Ishola; Mercy, Alabi; Joshua, Oyetade; Adijat, Ogundola; Titus, Msagati; Eduard Stam
Mushrooms and truffles are types of fungi rich in bioactive compounds with incredible industrial, nutritional and medical importance. However, they remain underutilised and call for evaluation of new perspectives on the sustainable cultivation and exploration of cutting-edge applications in the areas of nutrition, medicine, dietary, and the production of industrial enzymes. This study aimed at the development of value-added products from these fungi with vast uniqueness in nutrition, medicine and in biofuel production while underscoring their mycoremediation potential. The review presented mushrooms and truffles with a unique cultivation approach for their sustainable growth, while reporting an appreciable energy value of 772 Kcal/Kg of mushrooms, especially for Lentinus edodes. Also, the study revealed vital bioactive isolates such as ceramides, lentinan, fatty acids, carotenoids, resveratrol, minerals, vitamins and protein, accounting for their nutritional benefits, especially in minerals, vitamins and proteins. The pharmacological potentials such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer of these microorganisms were explored. These appreciable benefits have informed various applications in nutritional, medicinal and cosmetic products. Also, the study reported the mycoremediation activity of these microorganisms, especially for heavy metals and hydrocarbon-based pollutants. It further presents their application in biofuel production, with emphasis on green fuel alternatives apart from various derived industrial enzymes. Thus, the report presents the need for growth, sustainability and effective utilization of the fungi bioactive compounds in biotechnological and industrial applications.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: Advances in Synthesis, Sensing, and Theragnostic Applications
(MDPI, 2025-01-26) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Alabi, Mercy; Oyetade, Joshua; Oladipo, Adewale; Makungo, Rachel; Nkambule, Thabo; Msagati, Titus
The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) via the chemical, biological, and physical routes has been reported on along with advantages and attendant limitations. This study focuses on the sensing and emerging theragnostic applications of this category of nanoparticles (NPs) in clinical sciences by unveiling the unique performance of these NPs in the biological sensing of bacteria and nucleotide sequencing. Also, in terms of medicine and clinical science, this review analyzes the emerging theragnostic applications of NPs in drug delivery, bone tissue engineering, deep brain stimulation, therapeutic hyperthermia, tumor detection, magnetic imaging and cell tracking, lymph node visualization, blood purification, and COVID-19 detection. This review presents succinct surface functionalization and unique surface coating techniques to confer less toxicity and biocompatibility during synthesis, which are often identified as limitations in medical applications. This study also indicates that these surface improvement techniques are useful for refining the selective activity of MNPs during their use as sensors and biomarkers. In addition, this study unveils attendant limitations, especially toxicological impacts on biomolecules, and suggests that future research should pay attention to the mitigation of the biotoxicity of MNPs. Thus, this study presents a proficient approach for the synthesis of high-performance MNPs fit for proficient medicine in the detection of microorganisms, better diagnosis, and treatment in medicine.
Performance of a Wild Sesame (Sesamum Spp) Phytochemical Extract for Water Disinfection
(Springer, 2025-01-14) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Oyetade, Joshua; Msagati, Titus; Colile, Nkosi; Makungo, Rachel
The study sampled wild Sesame from open field in South Africa. The samples were pretreated while the extracts were screened for phytochemical compositions and applied for water purification using standard procedures. The physicochemical properties of sampled raw and purified water (pH, total dissolved solids, salinity turbidity and conductivity) were analyzed in situ before and after treatment in the lab, respectively. The plant’s phytochemical extract from the leaves and stem was prepared using selected solvents (methanol, cold water and warm water). The results revealed the presence of phytochemicals including tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, anthraquinone, terpenoids, saponins, and phlobatannins in both the stem and leaf of the wild Sesame plant. The study shows effective percentage reduction of E. coli and total bacteria with extracts of leaf (98.5, 100.0 and 97.2%), (98.8, 100.0 and 95.0%) and stem (94.0, 95.4 and 99.0%), (99.4, 98.6 and 98.4%) using methanol, cold and warm water, respectively, at 5ml of the phytochemical extracts. This study explores the use of wild Sesame phytochemicals for disinfecting river and stream water samples, highlighting the potential for greener and sustainable water treatment. The physicochemical parameters of the treated water were within tolerable limits, especially salinity and the total dissolved solids. Thus, the extract is presented as a potential solution for water purification, aligning with SDG goals 6 (clean water), 9, and 12 (green innovations). It fills the knowledge and product gap in water treatment, causing minimal harm, consistent with the African Union's sustainable development agenda and the African Council on Water's goal for clean water. This innovation meets the criteria for technology readiness levels 2 and 3, making it ready for further development.
Recovery of precious metals from processed wastewater: conventional techniques nexus advanced and pragmatic alternatives
(IWA Publishing, 2023-06-01) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Bello, Olugbenga; Agboola, Oluwatobi; Adeeyo, Rebecca; Oyetade, Joshua; Alabi, Mercy; Edokpayi, Joshua; Makungo, Rachel
The loss of highly sought-after metals such as gold, silver, and platinum during extraction processes not only constitutes a significant waste of valuable resources but also contributes to alarming environmental pollution. The ever-growing adverse impacts of these highly valued metals significantly increase the contamination of water bodies on discharge, while reducing the reusability potential of their corresponding processed wastewater. It is, therefore, of great interest to identify pragmatic solutions for the recovery of precious materials from processed water. In this review, pollution from targeted precious metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium was reviewed and analyzed. Also, the hazardous effects are elicited, and detection techniques are enumerated. An insightful approach to more recent treatment techniques was also discussed. The study reveals nano- and bio-sorption techniques as adoptable pragmatic alternatives, among other techniques, especially for industrial applications with merits of cost, time, waste management, and eco-friendliness. The results indicate that gold (46.2%), palladium (23.1%), platinum (19.2%), and silver (11.5%) are of utmost interest when considering recent recovery techniques. High yield and cost analysis reduction are reasons for the observed preference of this recovery process when considering groups of precious metals. The challenges and prospects of nanomaterials are highlighted.
Strategies for enhancing methane production from coffee pulp via co-digestion, urea supplementation, and biochar-assisted process stabilisation
(Elsevier Ltd., 2026-07-29) Oyetade, Joshua; Nason, Abigail; Mulimi, Lilian; Kolajo, Oluwafemi; Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Fayemi, Omolola; Machunda, Revocatus L
offee pulp (CP), a lignocellulosic agro-industrial residue rich in organic matter, contains phenolic compounds and other constituents that can limit anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. This study evaluated semi-continuous AD of CP in continuously stirred tank reactors under mesophilic conditions (37 °C), comparing co-digestion with coffee wastewater (CWW) and sisal wastewater (SWW) against CP mono-digestion. Co-digestion achieved stable reactor performance, with methane production rates of 564 ± 89 and 624 ± 92 mL CH4/L/day and methane contents of 56–59%. This improved performance was associated with enhanced nutrient balance (C/N = 23.8), dilution of potential inhibitory compounds, and low VFA concentrations (<1 g/L). In contrast, CP mono-digestion resulted in process instability, characterised by reduced methane production, VFA accumulation (>1.5 g/L), pH decline, and nitrogen limitation (TAN = 56.0–64.8 mg/L). Urea supplementation restored nutrient availability and reactor stability, resulting in methane production of 343 ± 18 mL CH4/L/day. Although combined urea and biochar supplementation supported recovery (326 ± 26 mL CH4/L/day), the independent effect of biochar could not be isolated, and biochar did not prevent instability at increased organic loading rates. Batch assays further showed that inoculum adaptation enhanced initial methane production kinetics, whereas cattle manure inoculum achieved the highest final methane yield (328 ± 8 mL CH4/g VS). Overall, co-digestion with agro-industrial wastewaters represents an effective strategy for improving CP digestion, while maintaining adequate nitrogen availability is critical for stable CP mono-digestion.
Synthesis of bio-based polymeric hydrogels from a hybrid system of cellulose derived from selected invasive plant biomass grafted with poly(acrylic acid)
(Elsevier B.V., 2026-05-11) Oyetade, Joshua; Nason, Abigail; Mulimi, Lilian; Kolajo, Oluwafemi; Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Fayemi, Omolola; Machunda, Revocatus
The current study presented upcycling invasive plant biomass into high-purity cellulose, which offers a simultaneous solution for ecological management and sustainable production of bio-based materials. The preliminary proximate and lignocellulosic characterization for the biomass was carried out, while polyacrylic acid (PAA) was grafted via free radical polymerization onto the extracted cellulose from parthenium weed (PW) and water hyacinth (WH). The study revealed hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose in PW to be 41.21%, 18.78%, and 31.13%, while WH has a value of 38.7%, 15.91% and 27.8%. The cellulose displayed a fibrous morphology with increased roughness compared to the amorphous sponge-like structure of pristine PAA. The cellulose exhibited functional groups characteristic of glucose, while PAA hydrogels contained hydrophilic groups (OH and COOH), enhancing water absorption. Thermal analysis indicated that the hydrogel's thermal stability improved with added cellulose. Among the formulations, PAA grafted onto 1% WH and PW-cellulose has the highest absorbency value of 95.43 and 89.46 g/g at 60 min, respectively, compared to pristine hydrogel (106.14 g/g). Also, the conditions for maximum water absorbency were observed at a pH of 7, a crosslinker amount of 0.05 g, and an initiator value of 0.010 g. The absorbency value increased to 95.47 g/g for PAA grafted to 1%PW-cellulose. Thus, the study revealed an effective strategy to convert invasive plant-derived cellulose and polyacrylic acid into valuable bio-based hydrogels, promoting material innovation consistent with circular economy and environmental sustainability principles.
Tuning water chemistry for the recovery of greener products: pragmatic and sustainable approaches
(Royal Sociaty of Chemistry, 2023-02-17) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Oyetade, Joshua; Adeeyo, Rebecca; Samie, A; Makungo, R.
The early techniques for recovery of bioactive metabolites involve conventional cold or hot solvent extraction.1 The choice is a function of the nature of the bioactive compound of interest.2 The adverse effect of organic solvents (Table 1) which are mostly preferred extraction techniques has warranted the search for greener alternatives. One of the ways green extrac tions is described involves the isolation of medicinally active portions from a bio-material,3 with the simultaneous use of eco friendly solvents and optimal use of energy.4–9 Prospecting for green solvents has brought water to the fore of extraction technology.10 Water is affirmatively described as the “greenest solvent” imaginable, with its availability at the required purity, it is cost-effective, readily recycled, non-toxic, non-ammable, and eco-friendly.10–13 Based on the green chemistry precept, water is considered a green chemical per excellence.14–16 Water is useful in the recovery of various phytochemicals including alcohols, sugars, proteins, and organic acids with natural water soluble properties.12,16–21 However, water as a solvent has some physical and chemical property disadvantages when compared to organic solvent.21–23 The polar nature of water in its natural form reduces its efficacy and acceptability when compared with organic solvents for some kinds of extractions. Organic solvents are extensively desirable since they exhibit better recovery than water at ambient conditions.3 Further setbacks experienced when using conventional hydro-extraction include time and energy consumption, thermal decomposition of thermo sensitive metabolites and low recovery of hydro-solvent in its natural form. There exists the need to investigate water properties that can be improved to complement its natural advantage and eradicate its attendant limitations as a solvent for extraction.5,8,10,28,29 have indicated that improving traditional extraction must entail decreased energy input, sustainability and a non-toxic nal product. Improving water to own variable chemistry will aid the extraction of a broad range of polar and non-polar biomolecules from sustainable natural products with non-toxic quality and eco-friendliness.10,21,29 This approach will prevent the use of organic solvents, fossil energy, chemical waste and risks of extraction. It is known that water existing in its tunable form satises the conditions of green solvents.11–13 Recently, the
Valorization of invasive sickle bush plant (Dichrostachys cinerea L.) and evaluation of its water treatment potentials
(Elsevier Inc., 2025-08-16) Adeeyo, Adeyemi; Makungo, Rachel; Mothapo, Eva; Oyetade, Joshua; Msagati, Titus
The study investigates the valorization of invasive plant (Dichrostachys cinerea L.), using its calcinated product (550 oC for 5 h) as a treatment and disinfection agent, especially for E. coli and total coliform count in water samples. The methods compare the use of the derived ash and potash alum in their pristine form and when combined using a dosage range of 0.01g-0.05 g at 0, 6 hrs and 24 hrs treatment time for 100 mL of respective water samples. The treatment with the volarized product resulted in a pH range of 8.03–9.07, which is in tandem with the limits set by the regulatory bodies for drinking water. The conductivity of the treated water increased with increased dosage and treatment time. The highest reported values were 564.00, 567.00, 569.00 µS/cm for the upper stream of Pond and 577.00, 585.00, 592.00 µS/cm for the lower stream of the Pond, although within the set limit for drinking water (1700 mS/cm). Salinity and Total dissolved solids (TDS) were in a similar manner at the respective sampling points. The blended product presents a greener alternative to synthetic alum and showed excellent antimicrobial potential, with a 100 % reduction efficiency, especially using a 0.03 and 0.05 g dosage for 24 hrs.