Browsing by Author "Nyangarika, Anthony"

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Ecological Impact in Northern Tanzania using Heckman AI Two-Step Selection Model
(Research in Ecology, 2025-07-02) Luoga, Ritha; Nyangarika, Anthony; Mkunda, Josephine
This study explores the determinants of impact on ecology in Northern Tanzania. By examining key socio-economic, institutional, and structural factors influencing engagement the study provides insights in strengthening agribusiness networks and improving livelihoods. Data was collected from 215 farmers and 320 traders through a multistage sampling procedure. Heckman AI sample selection model was used in data analysis whereby the findings showed key factors influencing farmers’ decisions on ecology were gender and years of formal education at p < 0.1, and access to finance and off-farm income at p < 0.05. The degree of farmers participation in social groups was influenced by age, household size, off-farm income and business network at p < 0.05, number of years in formal education and access to finance at p < 0.01, and distance to the market at p < 0.1. The decision of traders to impact on ecology was significantly influenced by age and trading experience at p < 0.1. Meanwhile, the degree of their involvement in social groups was strongly affected by gender, formal education, and trust at p < 0.01, as well as by access to finance and business networks at p < 0.05. The study concluded that natural ecology is influenced by socio economic and structural factors but trust among group members determine the degree of participation. The study recommends that strategies to improve agribusiness networks should understand underlying causes of impact on ecology and strengthen available social groups to improve performance of farmers and traders.
Economic Development Through Strategic FDI and Technology Adoption: An Econometric Analysis for Sustainable Revenue Growth in Tanzania
(Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 2024-11-22) Nyangarika, Anthony
This study proposes a robust strategy for bolstering the country’s economic development. Leveraging an econometric approach model, the research incorporates additional factors and extrapolates predictions based on historical data. By combining qualitative and secondary data, the study ensures a comprehensive analysis of the model through the error term and the ability to use mathematical treatments to determine future predictions based on historical data. The findings show that a lack of belonging, poor customer care, and the cost factor of FDI significantly affect revenue collection. Adopting new technology requires thorough preparation to avoid generating less revenue than expected. The study recommends that the government establish appropriate infrastructures for long-term strategy support for new technology adoption. Failure to do so may result in a waste of resources. Government policy and strategy significantly impact TRA performance. The URT government should adopt policies from other developed countries or modify them to suit local needs. The findings suggest serious corrective measures to prevent tax evasion through bribery or tampering with revenue collection infrastructures.
Economic Viability of Micro-Irrigation Technologies in Smallholder Horticultural Farming: A Comparative Study with Traditional Furrow Irrigation in Northern Tanzania
(Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 2025-03-21) Nyangarika, Anthony; Absanto, Gerald; Mkunda, Josephine
This study investigated the economic viability of Micro Irrigation Technologies (MITs) compared with traditional furrow irrigation in smallholder horticultural farming in northern Tanzania. Using a quasi-experimental cross- sectional design, data were collected from 540 farmers, divided into adopters and nonadopters of MITs. Economic metrics, including net present value (NPV), the benefit‒cost ratio (BCR), and the internal rate of return (IRR), were analysed over a five-year investment horizon through statistical methods in SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The results indicate that MITs, particularly drip and sprinkler systems, increase the productivity and profitability of high-value crops such as onions and tomatoes, yielding significantly higher NPVs than furrow irrigation does. Despite their high initial costs, these technologies demonstrated long-term economic benefits, including improved water efficiency and labour cost savings. Regression analysis further revealed that both crop type and irrigation technology significantly influence economic outcomes. Onions and tomatoes under MIT presented the highest financial returns, whereas peppers under furrow irrigation achieved better cost efficiency. This study underscores the transformative potential of MITs in enhancing horticultural productivity and sustainability in water-scarce regions. The study recommends targeted interventions, including subsidies, financial incentives, training programs, and policy support, to scale up the adoption of MITs.
Energy stability and decarbonization in developing countries: Random Forest approach for forecasting of crude oil trade flows and macro indicators
(Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022-11) Nyangarika, Anthony; Alexey, Mikhaylov; Muyeen, S. M.; Yadykin, Vladimir; Mottaeva, Angela; Pryadko, Igor
The paper observes the dependence of the main macroeconomic indicators in developing countries from the change in world prices for crude oil. We analyzed a system of simultaneous equations, which makes it possible to verify some of these hypotheses, and developed the model to forecast the impact of oil prices on budget revenues. The practical significance of this work lies in the structuring of existing knowledge on the impact of oil crisis. The results of this work can be considered confirmation of the hypothesis of the sensitivity of U.S. macroeconomic indicators to the dynamics of oil prices. Outcomes assume stable growth even in the period of shock prices for oil, which is confirmed by the statistics that were used in the model. Deep decarbonization modeling is a trend in industrial facilities that are used by developing countries. The major challenge is the issue of availability that is applicable to the countries that want to utilize this facility in their communities. Industrial modeling toward decarbonization is now a developing mechanism to curb the growing issue of atmospheric pollution. This paper proves the relevance of promoting deep decarbonization applied by the developing countries.
Impact of microirrigation technologies on financial resilience of smallholder horticulture farmers: evidence from northern Tanzania
(Water Practice and Technology, 2025) Sumari, Gerald; Mkunda, Josephine; Nyangarika, Anthony
This study evaluates the impact of microirrigation technologies (MITs), primarily drip and microsprinkler systems, on financial resilience of smallholder horticultural farmers in northern Tanzania. A multistage sampling method was used to select 540 households, comprising 199 MITs adopters and 341 nonadopters. Data were collected through structured questionnaires cap-turing demographic, agroecological, and technical irrigation parameters, including emitter discharge rates (1.5–4.0 L/h), irrigation frequency two to three times per week, and water source quality (electrical conductivity, EC , 2 dS/m). To quantify MITs’ contribution to financial resilience, a Financial Resilience Index (FRI) was constructed using both objective and subjective indicators. Propensity score matching was employed to calculate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and the average treatment effect (ATE). The results indicate that MITs adoption significantly enhances both financial and production out-comes. Adopters experienced an increase of 549,515 Tanzania Shillings on FRI compared to nonadopters (ATT, p , 0.01) and achieved a 1.06 log-point increase in yield (t ¼ 17.87). The ATE (0.6453) and ATT (0.7334) further confirmed MITs’ significant impact across the sample. Policies facilitating adoption of MITs, including subsidies, technical training, and enhanced access to capital, are crucial for amplifying MITs adoption.
Integrating Traditional Knowledge and Modern Technologies for Renewable Energy Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Advancing Climate Resilience and Carbon Reduction Strategies
(Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 2024-11-25) Nyangarika, Anthony
This paper explores the potential of reducing carbon footprints and greenhouse gas emissions in climate-sensitive regions of Sub-Saharan Africa by integrating traditional knowledge with modern renewable energy technologies. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative energy data and qualitative insights from expert interviews and policy reviews, the study analyzes the implementation of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydro. Data from global organizations, including the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the World Bank, supports the investigation. The findings highlight renewable energy's transformative potential for emissions reduction, energy security, and economic growth, with solar energy demonstrating exceptional promise for rural electrification. Despite its benefits, adoption is hindered by financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory challenges. The study underscores the need for climate resilience strategies such as energy storage integration and grid upgrades to support reliable access to renewable energy. By linking renewable energy with sustainability and resilience theories, the research emphasizes the role of adaptive infrastructure in fostering economic development and environmental health. Key recommendations include improving financing mechanisms, enacting supportive policy frameworks, strengthening regional partnerships, and prioritizing energy storage and grid modernization. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers, energy stakeholders, and development organizations, emphasizing that overcoming barriers to renewable energy adoption is critical for achieving sustainable energy access, reducing emissions, and aligning with global climate goals.
Macroeconomic Implications of Oil Price Fluctuations: A Simultaneous Equation Analysis of Russia's Economic Performance and Policy Responses
(Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 2024-06) Nyangarika, Anthony
This study uses a simultaneous equation model (SEM) to examine the relationship between oil price fluctuations and Russia's macroeconomic performance. It uses a comprehensive set of variables, including GDP growth, investment, export and consumption rates, exchange rates, and oil prices, to estimate the interactions between these variables. The study reveals significant findings on the macroeconomic impact of oil price fluctuations on Russia's economies, including short-term and long-term effects on GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment rates. It also examines the role of monetary policy in mitigating the adverse effects of oil price shocks on the economy. The study highlights Russia's vulnerability to oil price fluctuations, especially due to its heavy reliance on oil exports. It also examines the effectiveness of policy responses, such as fiscal measures and exchange rate interventions, in mitigating the impact of oil price shocks on Russia's macroeconomic stability. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, aiming to enhance economic resilience and stability in the face of oil market fluctuations.
Modern Versus Traditional Irrigation Systems: Implications for Technical Efficiency and Input-Output Relationship in Northern Tanzania’s Horticulture Sector
(GAJEB, 2025-02-10) Absanto, Gerald; Mkunda, Josephine; Nyangarika, Anthony
This study evaluates the technical efficiency (TE) of modern and traditional irrigation methods and their subsequent impact on farm productivity, profitability, and sustainability. The research uses a sample of 540 smallholder farmers from water stress region of northern Tanzania. The study reveals significant differences between adopters of modern irrigation techniques (MITs) and non-adopters using furrow irrigation: tomato yield was 732.94 kg vs. 387.35 kg, onion yield was 2952.57 kg vs. 395.53 kg, and pepper yield was 552.34 kg vs. 505.02 kg; input usage also varied, with adopters using 1.58 vs. 1.38 acres (tomatoes), 1.30 vs. 1.50 acres (onions), and 1.56 vs. 1.18 acres (peppers), as well as differences in seed, fertilizer, and agrochemical quantities. Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), this study estimated the technical efficiency scores for farmers, the findings reveal that land cultivated (β1=0.537, p=0.000) and fertilizer use (β3=0.353, p=0.000) were significant drivers of productivity, indicating that increasing these inputs substantially boosts agricultural output. In contrast, herbicide use negatively impacts productivity (β6=−0.268, p=0.005), suggesting a need for more efficient or reduced usage of herbicides. The inefficiency effects model highlights that farming experience (δ2=10.53, p=0.012) positively influences technical efficiency, underscoring the value of practical expertise in optimizing resource use. The technical efficiency of the farmers varies widely, with a mean of 88.43%, a minimum of 45.28%, and a maximum of nearly 100%, suggesting room for improvement in less efficient operations. The analysis of technical efficiency across irrigation methods shows a significant advantage for modern irrigation techniques over furrow irrigation. For onions, sprinkler irrigation achieved a mean technical efficiency of 0.928 (p=0.000) compared to 0.589 under furrow irrigation. Similarly, for tomatoes, drip irrigation resulted in a mean efficiency of 0.850, substantially higher than 0.430 for furrow irrigation (p=0.000). For peppers, drip irrigation also outperformed furrow irrigation with mean efficiencies of 0.813 and 0.338, respectively (p=0.000). The study also revealed that while traditional irrigation methods had lower efficiency scores, proper management of resources such as fertilizers and pest control was crucial in mitigating inefficiency. The results highlight the importance of efficient farm management practices, including the use of appropriate technologies and optimized resource allocation, in achieving higher technical efficiency. The study recommends targeted subsidies, capacity-building programs, improved infrastructure, and public-private partnerships to promote the adoption of modern irrigation technologies among smallholder farmers.
Oil price factors : forecasting on the base of modified auto-regressive integrated moving average model
(International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy (IJEEP), 2018-11) Nyangarika, Anthony; Ulf Henning, Richter; Alexey, Mikhaylov
The paper proposes modification of auto-regressive integrated moving average model for finding the parameters of estimation and forecasts using exponential smoothing. The study use data Brent crude oil price and gas prices in the period from January 1991 to December 2016. The result of the study showed an improvement in the accuracy of the predicted values, while the emissions occurred near the end of the time series. It has minimal or no effect on other emissions of this data series. The study suggests that investors can predict prices analyzing the possible risks in oil futures markets.
Sustainable Energy Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Resilience for Lower Carbon Emissions
(Global Academic Journal of Economics and Business, 2024-10) Nyangarika, Anthony
Promoting sustainable energy solutions in sub-Saharan countries is crucial for addressing energy poverty, reducing carbon emissions, and fostering long-term environmental and economic sustainability. This study explored using indigenous knowledge and emerging technologies to reduce carbon footprints and GHG emissions in Africa's climate hotspots in sub-Saharan countries. The study revealed that operating institutions utilize various applications to ensure that energy management resources can mitigate the effects of carbon emissions. The study revealed that the most efficient use of natural resources for energy production requires collaboration among governments, private sectors, NGOs, and local communities. By adopting a holistic and inclusive approach, one can work toward a more sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This paper focuses on carbon footprint analysis and proposes solutions to address environmental issues in implementing sustainable energy solutions in sub-Saharan countries. A multifaceted approach involving effective strategies is needed to lower the carbon footprint. The contribution of this study is to improve energy consumption in communities in Africa by integrating climate resilience considerations into sustainable energy projects to ensure long-term viability. This will involve planning for changing climate conditions, such as extreme weather events, and designing infrastructure that can withstand and adapt to these challenges. It has been concluded that carbon footprint analysis is useful for determining the impacts of carbon particles in the world’s atmosphere. The role of energy management operations seeks to improve the assessment and analysis of carbon footprints by allowing atmospheric measurements of carbon.
Toward an Ideal Framework for Assessing Economic Viability of Micro-Irrigation Technologies: A Systematic Review
(2025-02-10) Absanto, Gerald; Mkunda, Josephine; Nyangarika, Anthony
Micro irrigation technologies (MITs), such as drip and sprinkler systems, have been recognized as transformative solutions for enhancing agricultural productivity, optimizing water use, and promoting environmental sustainability. However, their adoption among smallholder farmers remains limited due to a complex interplay of economic, social, technical and environmental constraints. Traditional frameworks for assessing economic viability of these technologies often focus narrowly on financial metrics, neglecting critical factors such as water availability, market dynamics, and the technical and socioeconomic contexts. A systematic review of the literature from 2014 to 2024 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles were sourced from major databases, including Scopus, Taylor and Francis, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science, yielding a final dataset of 69 relevant studies from an initial pool of 719 articles. The analysis of selected studies highlights key trends, including a growing focus on economic and water management aspects and the role of institutional and policy support in MIT adoption. A novel framework is proposed that integrates dimensions such as water availability and management, market dynamics, socioeconomic factors, and environmental sustainability. This comprehensive approach addresses limitations in traditional financial metric-based evaluations, offering actionable insights to policymakers and stakeholders. The findings aim to advance the adoption of MITs by aligning technical and market strategies with the needs of smallholder farmers, contributing to global food security and environmental goals. Keywords: Micro irrigation technologies, Economic viability model, Smallholder farmers, Conceptual framework, Systematic review
Transforming Smallholder Agriculture Amid Water Scarcity: A Systematic Review of the Socio-Economic Benefits of Micro-Irrigation Technologies
(GAJHSS, 2025-02-06) Absanto, Gerald; Mkunda, Josephine; Nyangarika, Anthony
The review focuses on the socio-economic benefits of micro-irrigation technologies (MITs) for smallholder farmers, highlighting their potential to transform agricultural practices and enhance sustainability. The review synthesizes empirical evidence from Africa and Asia, providing a comprehensive overview of how MITs can positively impact smallholder agriculture. Findings reveal that the adoption of MITs leads to significant improvements in agricultural productivity and enhanced water use efficiency, which contributes to reduced operational costs. Additionally, the financial resilience of smallholder farmers improves as they become better equipped to navigate market fluctuations and economic challenges. These benefits not only bolster individual livelihoods but also promote broader economic stability within rural communities. The review recommends several strategies for effective implementation. These include promoting awareness and adoption among farmers, enhancing access to finance, building technical capacity, supporting research and innovation, enacting supportive policies, and establishing models to assess the economic viability of MITs.
Uncovering socioeconomic insights of solar dryers for sustainable agricultural product preservation: A systematic review
(Cellpress, 2024-11-27) Kimaro, Dismas; Nyangarika, Anthony; Kivevele, Thomas
This review explores solar dryers' use for agricultural products, focusing on their socioeconomic benefits in the community. Despite significant technical advancements in solar dryers, there is a notable lack of documentation regarding their socioeconomic impacts on society. This gap impedes awareness of the potential benefits of solar dryers, contributing to their low adoption rates and, consequently, limiting their overall impact on society. A decade of published articles from Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Taylor and Francis were synthesized through content analysis to gather evidence on the socioeconomic benefits of this technology. The review found technical advancements from passive to hybrid systems, highlighting their potential to enhance drying efficiency, product quality, and economic, social, and environmental benefits. The evidence of the socioeconomic benefits, in particular, indicates that solar dryers can increase farmers' annual profits by $15,683, reduce drying operation costs by $757.31, and save up to 5 days of drying time. Furthermore, the study found that solar dryers contribute to environmental conservation initiatives by mitigating the emission of up to 430,714.76 tons of CO2 in a year, minimizing overdependence on traditional energy sources, increasing energy accessibility, and optimizing drying space. However, the review identifies a need for further research to quantify solar dryers’ impact on postharvest management, waste reduction, and job creation in the agricultural drying value chain. It also recommends involving society in technology co-creation and suggests that policymakers and practitioners incentivize their adoption through financial and non-financial support.