Browsing Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences by Issue Date
Now showing items 81-100 of 579
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Natural Dye Sensitizer for Grӓtzel Cells: Sepia Melanin
(Science and Education Publishing, 2015)The efficiency of Grätzel cell can be further improved by the anchoring groups, such as COOH to be adsorbed onto the TiO2 surface with a large electronic coupling. Some of the most efficient sensitizers are synthetic dyes ... -
Morphological and Chemical Composition Characterization of Commercial Sepia Melanin
(Science and Education Publishing, 2015)Melanins are difficult to characterize because of their intractable chemical properties and the heterogeneity in their structural features. Melanin pigments, in fact, are composed of many different types of monomeric units ... -
Encapsulated Urea-Kaolinite Nanocomposite for Controlled Release Fertilizer Formulations
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Chemistry, 2015)Urea controlled release fertilizer (CRF) was prepared via kaolinite intercalation followed by gum arabic encapsulation in an attempt to reduce its severe losses associated with dissolution, hydrolysis, and diffusion. ... -
Dynamics of Kaolinite-Urea Nanocomposites via Coupled DMSO-Hydroxyaluminum Oligomeric Intermediates
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation Indian Journal of Materials Science, 2015)Kaolinite-urea nanocompositeswere prepared via intercalation reactions in an attempt to investigate the dynamic nature of kaolinite morphology for advanced applications in controlled release systems (CRS). Characterization ... -
A review of the challenges and opportunities for water reuse in irrigation with a focus on its prospects in Tanzania
(Int. J. Environmental Engineering, 2015)Water reuse is one of the potential ways to complement the existing portable water sources. Its adoption is becoming of interest due to water shortages in many parts of the world. Its implementation is supported by several ... -
Optimization of Sedimentation Tank Coupled with Inclined Plate Settlers as a Pre-treatment for High Turbidity Water
(International Institute for Science, Technology and Education(IISTE), 2015)Access to clean and safe drinking water is a challenge in most rural areas of Tanzania. Unsafe drinking water is a major cause of water-related diseases that predominantly affect people living in developing countries. In ... -
Yield and Fiscal Benefits of Rhizobium Inoculation Supplemented with Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) in Climbing Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown in Northern Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015)Both field and green house experiments were intended to investigate and evaluate the outcome of rhizobial inoculation supplemented with P and K on climbing beans production in northern Tan zania. The results obtained ... -
Radon Mass Exhalation Rates of Selected Building Materials in Tanzania
(Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2015)This study aimed at determining the mass radon exhalation rate of Tanzania Portland cements and their raw materials for assessment of the radiological hazards due to use of those materials in residential construction. ... -
Wastewater treatment performance efficiency of constructed wetlands in African countries: a review
(IWA Publishing, 2015-01-01)In Africa, different studies have been conducted at different scales to evaluate wastewater treatment efficiency of constructed wetland. This paper aims to review the treatment performance efficiency of constructed wetland ... -
Experimental analysis of air flow patterns in perfomance of flat plate solar collectors
(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2015-02-05)Solar drying is one of the promising methods of reducing post-harvest losses in rural areas. Studies have shown that, heat transfer mechanisms in a solar collector influences the performance of solar dryers. This study ... -
Structure and properties of molecular and ionic clusters in vapour over caesium fluoride
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2015-02-11)The properties of neutral molecules Cs2F2, Cs3F3, and Cs4F4, and positive and negative cluster ions Cs2F+, CsF2−, Cs3F2+, Cs2F3−, Cs4F3+, and Cs5F4+ were studied by several of quantum chemical methods implementing density ... -
Molecular and ionic clusters existing in vapor over cesium chloride: Structure and thermodynamic properties
(Elsevier B.V., 2015-02-16)The properties of neutral molecular Cs2Cl2, Cs3Cl3 and Cs4Cl4 and the positively charged ionic clusters Cs4Cl3+ and Cs5Cl4+ existing in vapor over cesium chloride have been studied. The DFT method with B3LYP5 and B3P86 ... -
Structure and vibrational spectra of cluster ions over rubidium iodide by computational chemistry
(IEEE, 2015-03-05)The properties of Rb 2 I + , RbI 2 - , Rb 3 I 2 + and Rb 2 I 3 - ions were studied using two quantum chemical methods, DFT and Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of the 2 nd order. The effective core potential with Def2-QZVP ... -
Occurrence of nitrate in Tanzanian groundwater aquifers: A review
(Springer Open, 2015-03-06)More than 25 % of Tanzanian depends on groundwater as the main source of water for drinking, irrigation and industrial activities. The current trend of land use may lead to groundwater contamination and thus increasing ... -
Operating Conditions of A Locally Made Fixed-Bed Incinerator, a Case Study of Bagamoyo – Tanzania
(Science Publishing Group, 2015-03-18)To minimize the pollution from municipal solid waste incinerators, the study of operating conditions is imperative. The local design incinerators can be used for high performance combustion and minimize pollutions. The ... -
Theoretical Study of Cluster Ions Existing in Vapours over Cesium Bromide and Iodide
(British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 2015-05-13)The properties of ions Cs2X+, Cs3X2+, CsX2−, and Cs2X3− (X = Br or I) have been studied using the density functional theory and Möller–Plesset perturbation theory of the 2nd and 4th order. For all species the equilibrium ... -
Potential of Controlling Common Bean Insect Pests (Bean Stem Maggot (Ophiomyia phaseoli), Ootheca (Ootheca bennigseni) and Aphids (Aphis fabae)) Using Agronomic, Biological and Botanical Practices in Field
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2015-05-22)Common bean production in Africa suffers from different constrains. The main damage is caused by insect pest infestations in the field. The most common insects pests which attack common bean in the field are the bean ... -
Qualitative soil moisture assessment in semi-arid Africa – the role of experience and training on inter-rater reliability
(Copernicus Publications, 2015-08-10)Soil and water management is particularly relevant in semi-arid regions to enhance agricultural productivity. During periods of water scarcity, soil moisture differences are important indicators of the soil water deficit ... -
The fluid nature of water grabbing: the on-going contestation of water distribution between peasants and agribusinesses in Nduruma, Tanzania
(Springer Nature Switzerland AG., 2015-08-20)This article contributes to the contemporary debate on land and water grabbing through a detailed, qualitative case study of horticultural agribusinesses which have settled in Tanzania, disrupting patterns of land and water ... -
Mass And Energy Balance For Fixed Bed Incinerators
(Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 2015-09)An estimation of mass and energy balance of an incinerator is an important consideration toward the design and operation of the incineration process. This paper is aimed to study the mass and energy balance of a locally ...