Browsing Life sciences and Bio-engineering by Title
Now showing items 736-755 of 1088
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Optimal Control Strategies for the Infectiology of Brucellosis
(Hindawi, 2020-05-11)Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria of genus Brucella. The disease is of public health, veterinary, and economic significance in most of the developed and developing countries. Direct ... -
Optimal dietary patterns designed from local foods to achieve maternal nutritional goals
(BMC Public Health, 2018-04-04)Background: Achieving nutritional requirements for pregnant and lactating mothers in rural households while maintaining the intake of local and culture-specific foods can be a difficult task. Deploying a linear goal ... -
Optimal formulations of local foods to achieve nutritional adequacy for 6–23-month-old rural Tanzanian children
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2017-07-30)Background: Achieving nutritional goals of infants and young children while maintaining the intake of local and culture-specific foods can be a daunting task. Diet optimisation using linear goal programming (LP) can ... -
Optimal model formula for ensuring nutritional adequacy for infants and young children (6 – 23 months)
(NM-AIST, 2018-08)Infant and young child feeding practices rank among the most effective interventions to promote child growth and development. Improving the quality of complementary food has been observed as an important strategy for ... -
Optimisation of fermentation processes of local cereal-based beverages to produce improved cereal based probiotic beverages.
(NM-AIST, 2021-07)Fermented cereal-based probiotic beverages are rare and have rarely been produced in Tanzania. Though the beverages are novel, the potentiality of such beverages has for some decades been exhibited through local fermented ... -
Optimization of goat manure against use of N-Minjingu Nafaka Plus fertilizer for improved lablab growth and yield in semi - arid areas of Northern Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2023-12)The study was conducted in Northern Tanzania from the 2022–2023 cropping seasons to develop a cropping model that farmers can use to improve their lablab production. The field experiments were conducted at the Tanzania ... -
Optimized method for processing avocado seeds to improve selected nutrients and functional values
(J-STAGE, 2021-01)The objective of this study was to develop an optimal processing technique capable of reducing antinutrients to acceptable levels, retain nutrients and functional values of avocado seeds for human consumption. Different ... -
Optimized Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles from Polyethylene Glycol and Formaldehyde
(International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry, 2016-12-19)The purpose of this work was to study the effect of various process and formulation parameters on size and shapes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). AgNPs were prepared by chemical ... -
Optimized processing method for producing Avocado and Mango seed-based composite flour for functional Foods
(NM-AIST, 2021-07)Avocado and mango seed kernels are considered as wastes although they are rich in essential nutrients and bioactive compounds for human health. Lack of commercial application, presence of anti-nutrients, difficulty in ... -
Optimizing Soil Fertility Management Strategies to Enhance Banana Production in Volcanic Soils of the Northern Highlands, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2020-02-18)Banana is an important crop in high altitude areas of Tanzania, grown widely both as a food staple and as the main source of income. However, its production is constrained by low soil fertility, a result of gradual ... -
Oral lipid-based nanoformulation of tafenoquine enhanced bioavailability and blood stage antimalarial efficacy and led to a reduction in human red blood cell loss in mice
(Dovepress, 2015-02-20): Tafenoquine (TQ), a new synthetic analog of primaquine, has relatively poor bioavailability and associated toxicity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. A microemulsion formulation of TQ ... -
Outbreak investigation and control case report of brucellosis: experience from livestock research centre, Mpwapwa, Tanzania.
(AOSIS, 2014-11-25)Brucellosis screening was conducted between 2005 and 2010 at the National Livestock Research Institute headquarters, Mpwapwa, Tanzania, following an abortion storm in cattle. The initial screening targeted breeding herds; ... -
Oxidative stree management is essential for anopheles mosquito survival post plasmodium infected blood meal ingestion
(NM-AIST, 2020-06)Anopheles mosquitoes like other dipterans lack the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase (GR) of the GSH pathway and instead utilize the Thioredoxin (Trx) system for management of oxidative stress. Anopheles gambiae (An. ... -
Paraquat-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes Is Regulated by An Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Response
(MDPI, 2018-11-12)Paraquat is a potent superoxide (O2−)-inducing agent that is capable of inducing an oxidative imbalance in the mosquito midgut. This oxidative imbalance can super-stress the malaria parasite, leading to arrested development ... -
Participation in mass dog vaccination campaigns in Tanzania: Benefits of community engagement
(Frontiers, 2022-10-13)Background: Canine rabies causes about 59,000 human deaths each year globally but the disease can be eliminated by sustaining sufficient dog vaccination coverage over several consecutive years. A challenge to achieving ... -
A Participatory Agroecological Intervention Reduces Women’s Risk of Probable Depression Through Improvements in Food Security in Singida, Tanzania
(Elsevier, 2020-06)In 2015, depressive disorders led to over 50 million disability-adjusted life years lost globally, with more than 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Depressive disorders are also risk factors of a number ... -
Participatory Development of Practical, Affordable, Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Proofing for a Range of Housing Designs in Rural Southern Tanzania
(Research Square, 2022-02)Background Insecticidal mosquito-proof netting screens could combine the best features of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), the two most important front line vector control interventions ... -
Participatory mapping identifies risk areas and environmental predictors of endemic anthrax in rural Africa
(Springer Nature Limited, 2022-06-12)Disease mapping reveals geographical variability in incidence, which can help to prioritise control efforts. However, in areas where this is most needed, resources to generate the required data are often lacking. ... -
Pastoral production is associated with increased peste des petits ruminants seroprevalence in northern Tanzania across sheep, goats and cattle
(Cambridge University Press, 2019-07-18)Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a contagious disease of high morbidity and mortality in small ruminant populations globally. Using cross-sectional serosurvey data col- lected in 2016, our study investigated ... -
Pathogenicity and Approaches for Management of Anthracnose in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Africa
(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY, 2022-10-16)Common bean plays significant role for human health globally and consumption of common bean is high in Africa as compared to other regions of the world. Despite common bean’s potential in Africa, productivity remains low ...